Caplans syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}{{SharmiB}}
{{Caplans syndrome}}
{{Caplans syndrome}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
If left untreated, some patients might develop irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.


OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.  
*The patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] are mostly [[asymptomatic]] initially. <ref name="Benedek1973">{{cite journal|last1=Benedek|first1=Thomas G.|title=Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=55|issue=4|year=1973|pages=515–524|issn=00029343|doi=10.1016/0002-9343(73)90209-X}}</ref> <ref name="AlayaBraham2018">{{cite journal|last1=Alaya|first1=Zeineb|last2=Braham|first2=Mouna|last3=Aissa|first3=Sana|last4=Kalboussi|first4=Houda|last5=Bouajina|first5=Elyès|title=A case of Caplan syndrome in a recently diagnosed patient with silicosis: A case report|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=13|issue=3|year=2018|pages=663–666|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.004}}</ref>
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.  
*Caplan [[nodules]] appear with or later than the onset of [[Rheumatoid arthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis.]]<ref name="LindarsDavies1967">{{cite journal|last1=Lindars|first1=D. C.|last2=Davies|first2=D.|title=Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis: A study in colliery populations in the East Midlands coalfield|journal=Thorax|volume=22|issue=6|year=1967|pages=525–532|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.22.6.525}}</ref>
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*Caplan [[nodules]] may lead to [[cavitation]] or [[calcification]] with [[pleural effusion]] or in rare cases [[Pneumothorax|pneumothorax]].
*[[Lung]] [[nodules]] in [[Caplan syndrome]] are rapidly growing; gain final size within weeks to month and then remain unchanged for years long.
*Most of the [[lung]] [[nodules]] resolve spontaneously while some leave behind asteroid scarring. In 10% cases, [[cavitation]] and [[calcification]] happen.
*There are cases of [[Caplan syndrome]] with radiologic findings of Caplan nodules but no [[rheumatoid factor]].
*The [[symptoms]] of [[dyspnea]] and [[cough]] typically develop with the progression of the [[disease]].  
*If left untreated, patients with [[Caplan syndrome]] may progress to develop [[wheeze]] in the [[chest]] which doesn't change with [[cough]] suggestive of irreversible [[pulmonary fibrosis]].
 
===Complications===
===Complications===
Possible complications include:
Possible complications include<ref name="LindarsDavies1967">{{cite journal|last1=Lindars|first1=D. C.|last2=Davies|first2=D.|title=Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis: A study in colliery populations in the East Midlands coalfield|journal=Thorax|volume=22|issue=6|year=1967|pages=525–532|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.22.6.525}}</ref> <ref name="CaplanPayne1962">{{cite journal|last1=Caplan|first1=A.|last2=Payne|first2=R. B.|last3=Withey|first3=J. L.|title=A Broader Concept of Caplan's Syndrome Related to Rheumatoid Factors|journal=Thorax|volume=17|issue=3|year=1962|pages=205–212|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.17.3.205}}</ref>:
* Increased risk for [[tuberculosis]]
* Increased risk for [[tuberculosis]] and [[aspergillosis]]
* [[Hemoptysis]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
* [[Pneumothorax]]
* Progressive massive [[fibrosis]] (scarring)
* Progressive massive [[fibrosis]] (scarring)
* Side effects of medications
* Side effects of medications
===Prognosis===
===Prognosis===
Caplan syndrome rarely causes serious breathing trouble or disability due to lung problems.
Caplan syndrome rarely causes serious breathing trouble or disability due to lung problems.<ref name="CaplanPayne1962">{{cite journal|last1=Caplan|first1=A.|last2=Payne|first2=R. B.|last3=Withey|first3=J. L.|title=A Broader Concept of Caplan's Syndrome Related to Rheumatoid Factors|journal=Thorax|volume=17|issue=3|year=1962|pages=205–212|issn=0040-6376|doi=10.1136/thx.17.3.205}}</ref>


The nodules may pre-date the appearance of rheumatoid arthritis by several years. Otherwise, prognosis is as for RA; lung disease may remit spontaneously, but pulmonary fibrosis may also progress.
The nodules may pre-date the appearance of rheumatoid arthritis by several years. Otherwise, prognosis is as for RA; lung disease may remit spontaneously, but pulmonary fibrosis may also progress.

Latest revision as of 02:33, 22 July 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Sharmi Biswas, M.B.B.S

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Overview

If left untreated, some patients might develop irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Possible complications include[3] [4]:

Prognosis

Caplan syndrome rarely causes serious breathing trouble or disability due to lung problems.[4]

The nodules may pre-date the appearance of rheumatoid arthritis by several years. Otherwise, prognosis is as for RA; lung disease may remit spontaneously, but pulmonary fibrosis may also progress.

References

  1. Benedek, Thomas G. (1973). "Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis". The American Journal of Medicine. 55 (4): 515–524. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(73)90209-X. ISSN 0002-9343.
  2. Alaya, Zeineb; Braham, Mouna; Aissa, Sana; Kalboussi, Houda; Bouajina, Elyès (2018). "A case of Caplan syndrome in a recently diagnosed patient with silicosis: A case report". Radiology Case Reports. 13 (3): 663–666. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.004. ISSN 1930-0433.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Lindars, D. C.; Davies, D. (1967). "Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis: A study in colliery populations in the East Midlands coalfield". Thorax. 22 (6): 525–532. doi:10.1136/thx.22.6.525. ISSN 0040-6376.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Caplan, A.; Payne, R. B.; Withey, J. L. (1962). "A Broader Concept of Caplan's Syndrome Related to Rheumatoid Factors". Thorax. 17 (3): 205–212. doi:10.1136/thx.17.3.205. ISSN 0040-6376.