COVID-19-associated headache: Difference between revisions

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* The hallmark of COVID-19-associated headache is headache.  
* The hallmark of COVID-19-associated headache is headache.  


* A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name].
* A positive history of fever and cough in addition to headache is suggestive of COVID-19-associated headache.


===Physical Examination===
===Physical Examination===
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].


OR
* Patients with COVID-19-associated headache usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with COVID-19-associated headache is usually remarkable for fever, cough, and malaise.
 
Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].


===Laboratory Findings===
===Laboratory Findings===

Revision as of 20:33, 2 July 2020

WikiDoc Resources for COVID-19-associated headache

Articles

Most recent articles on COVID-19-associated headache

Most cited articles on COVID-19-associated headache

Review articles on COVID-19-associated headache

Articles on COVID-19-associated headache in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on COVID-19-associated headache

Images of COVID-19-associated headache

Photos of COVID-19-associated headache

Podcasts & MP3s on COVID-19-associated headache

Videos on COVID-19-associated headache

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on COVID-19-associated headache

Bandolier on COVID-19-associated headache

TRIP on COVID-19-associated headache

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on COVID-19-associated headache at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on COVID-19-associated headache

Clinical Trials on COVID-19-associated headache at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on COVID-19-associated headache

NICE Guidance on COVID-19-associated headache

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on COVID-19-associated headache

CDC on COVID-19-associated headache

Books

Books on COVID-19-associated headache

News

COVID-19-associated headache in the news

Be alerted to news on COVID-19-associated headache

News trends on COVID-19-associated headache

Commentary

Blogs on COVID-19-associated headache

Definitions

Definitions of COVID-19-associated headache

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on COVID-19-associated headache

Discussion groups on COVID-19-associated headache

Patient Handouts on COVID-19-associated headache

Directions to Hospitals Treating COVID-19-associated headache

Risk calculators and risk factors for COVID-19-associated headache

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of COVID-19-associated headache

Causes & Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated headache

Diagnostic studies for COVID-19-associated headache

Treatment of COVID-19-associated headache

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on COVID-19-associated headache

International

COVID-19-associated headache en Espanol

COVID-19-associated headache en Francais

Business

COVID-19-associated headache in the Marketplace

Patents on COVID-19-associated headache

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to COVID-19-associated headache

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.

Synonyms and keywords:

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • The association between COVID-19 and headache was made in 2020.

Classification

  • There is no established system for the classification of COVID-19 associated headache.

Pathophysiology

By Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Migraine.jpg

Causes

Differentiating COVID-19-associated headache from other Diseases

COVID-19-associated headache must be differentiated from other diseases that cause headache, such as: [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.


Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].

OR

The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.

OR

[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.

OR

[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].

OR

[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


There is no racial predilection to [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].


[Disease name] affects men and women equally.

OR

[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.


The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

OR

[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Risk Factors

  • There are no established risk factors for COVID-19-associated headache.

Screening

  • There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for COVID-19 associated headache.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

  • The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated headache is based on the clinical presentation
  • There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19-associated headache.

History and Symptoms

  • The hallmark of COVID-19-associated headache is headache.
  • A positive history of fever and cough in addition to headache is suggestive of COVID-19-associated headache.

Physical Examination

  • Patients with COVID-19-associated headache usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with COVID-19-associated headache is usually remarkable for fever, cough, and malaise.

Laboratory Findings

An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].

OR

An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].

OR

[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

OR

Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].

OR

The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.

OR

[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].

OR

The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.

OR

[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].

OR

Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].

OR

Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].

OR

Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].

OR

The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.

OR

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

Primary Prevention

There are no established measures for the primary prevention of COVID-19 associated headache.

Secondary Prevention

There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

References

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  2. St-Jean JR, Jacomy H, Desforges M, Vabret A, Freymuth F, Talbot PJ (August 2004). "Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion". J. Virol. 78 (16): 8824–34. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8824-8834.2004. PMC 479063. PMID 15280490.
  3. Rossi, Andrea (2008). "Imaging of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 18 (1): 149–161. doi:10.1016/j.nic.2007.12.007. ISSN 1052-5149.
  4. St-Jean, Julien R.; Jacomy, Hélène; Desforges, Marc; Vabret, Astrid; Freymuth, François; Talbot, Pierre J. (2004). "Human Respiratory Coronavirus OC43: Genetic Stability and Neuroinvasion". Journal of Virology. 78 (16): 8824–8834. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8824-8834.2004. ISSN 0022-538X.
  5. "National guidelines for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for bilirubin in suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage". Ann. Clin. Biochem. 40 (Pt 5): 481–8. September 2003. doi:10.1258/000456303322326399. PMID 14503985.
  6. Le Rhun E, Taillibert S, Chamberlain MC (2013). "Carcinomatous meningitis: Leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors". Surg Neurol Int. 4 (Suppl 4): S265–88. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.111304. PMC 3656567. PMID 23717798.
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  8. Leen WG, Willemsen MA, Wevers RA, Verbeek MM (2012). "Cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate: age-specific reference values and implications for clinical practice". PLoS One. 7 (8): e42745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042745. PMC 3412827. PMID 22880096.
  9. Negrini B, Kelleher KJ, Wald ER (2000). "Cerebrospinal fluid findings in aseptic versus bacterial meningitis". Pediatrics. 105 (2): 316–9. PMID 10654948.
  10. Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2010). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3): 467–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00070-09. PMC 2901656. PMID 20610819.
  11. Vermeulen M, Hasan D, Blijenberg BG, Hijdra A, van Gijn J (July 1989). "Xanthochromia after subarachnoid haemorrhage needs no revisitation". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 52 (7): 826–8. doi:10.1136/jnnp.52.7.826. PMC 1031927. PMID 2769274.
  12. Wasay M, Mekan SF, Khelaeni B, Saeed Z, Hassan A, Cheema Z, Bakshi R (June 2005). "Extra temporal involvement in herpes simplex encephalitis". Eur. J. Neurol. 12 (6): 475–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.00999.x. PMID 15885053.
  13. Glaser CA, Honarmand S, Anderson LJ, Schnurr DP, Forghani B, Cossen CK, Schuster FL, Christie LJ, Tureen JH (December 2006). "Beyond viruses: clinical profiles and etiologies associated with encephalitis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 (12): 1565–77. doi:10.1086/509330. PMID 17109290.
  14. Meltzer EO, Hamilos DL (May 2011). "Rhinosinusitis diagnosis and management for the clinician: a synopsis of recent consensus guidelines". Mayo Clin. Proc. 86 (5): 427–43. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0392. PMC 3084646. PMID 21490181.
  15. Rasmussen BK, Jensen R, Schroll M, Olesen J (1991). "Epidemiology of headache in a general population--a prevalence study". J Clin Epidemiol. 44 (11): 1147–57. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90147-2. PMID 1941010.
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