CDKN2D

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)
PDB rendering based on 1bd8.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1bd8​, 1bi8​
Identifiers
Symbols	CDKN2D ; p19; INK4D; p19-INK4D
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 36081
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4), also known as CDKN2D, is a human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevent the activation of the CDK kinases, thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The abundance of the transcript of this gene was found to oscillate in a cell-cycle dependent manner with the lowest expression at mid G1 and a maximal expression during S phase. The negative regulation of the cell cycle involved in this protein was shown to participate in repressing neuronal proliferation, as well as spermatogenesis. Two alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported.

Further reading

• Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY; et al. (1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (5): 2672–81. PMID 7739547.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chan FK, Zhang J, Cheng L; et al. (1995). "Identification of human and mouse p19, a novel CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (5): 2682–8. PMID 7739548.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Okuda T, Hirai H, Valentine VA; et al. (1996). "Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization of human CDKN2D/INK4d, an inhibitor of cyclin D-dependent kinases". Genomics. 29 (3): 623–30. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9957. PMID 8575754.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Guan KL, Jenkins CW, Li Y; et al. (1996). "Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4". Mol. Biol. Cell. 7 (1): 57–70. PMID 8741839.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Schwaller J, Pabst T, Koeffler HP; et al. (1997). "Expression and regulation of G1 cell-cycle inhibitors (p16INK4A, p15INK4B, p18INK4C, p19INK4D) in human acute myeloid leukemia and normal myeloid cells". Leukemia. 11 (1): 54–63. PMID 9001419.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Russo AA, Tong L, Lee JO; et al. (1998). "Structural basis for inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk6 by the tumour suppressor p16INK4a". Nature. 395 (6699): 237–43. doi:10.1038/26155. PMID 9751050.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Brotherton DH, Dhanaraj V, Wick S; et al. (1998). "Crystal structure of the complex of the cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6 bound to the cell-cycle inhibitor p19INK4d". Nature. 395 (6699): 244–50. doi:10.1038/26164. PMID 9751051.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Baumgartner R, Fernandez-Catalan C, Winoto A; et al. (1998). "Structure of human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19INK4d: comparison to known ankyrin-repeat-containing structures and implications for the dysfunction of tumor suppressor p16INK4a". Structure. 6 (10): 1279–90. PMID 9782052.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Schreiber M, Muller WJ, Singh G, Graham FL (1999). "Comparison of the effectiveness of adenovirus vectors expressing cyclin kinase inhibitors p16INK4A, p18INK4C, p19INK4D, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27KIP1 in inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigenicity". Oncogene. 18 (9): 1663–76. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202466. PMID 10208428.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Newton Bishop JA, Harland M, Bennett DC; et al. (1999). "Mutation testing in melanoma families: INK4A, CDK4 and INK4D". Br. J. Cancer. 80 (1–2): 295–300. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690354. PMID 10390011.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zindy F, Cunningham JJ, Sherr CJ; et al. (1999). "Postnatal neuronal proliferation in mice lacking Ink4d and Kip1 inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (23): 13462–7. PMID 10557343.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Thullberg M, Bartkova J, Khan S; et al. (2000). "Distinct versus redundant properties among members of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors". FEBS Lett. 470 (2): 161–6. PMID 10734227.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bartkova J, Thullberg M, Rajpert-De Meyts E; et al. (2000). "Lack of p19INK4d in human testicular germ-cell tumours contrasts with high expression during normal spermatogenesis". Oncogene. 19 (36): 4146–50. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203769. PMID 10962575.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fink JR, LeBien TW (2001). "Novel expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human B-cell precursors". Exp. Hematol. 29 (4): 490–8. PMID 11301189.
• Zeeb M, Rösner H, Zeslawski W; et al. (2002). "Protein folding and stability of human CDK inhibitor p19(INK4d)". J. Mol. Biol. 315 (3): 447–57. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5242. PMID 11786024.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Matsuzaki Y, Miyazawa K, Yokota T; et al. (2002). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the human p19(INK4d) gene promoter". FEBS Lett. 517 (1–3): 272–6. PMID 12062451.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Arcellana-Panlilio MY, Egeler RM, Ujack E; et al. (2002). "Evidence of a role for the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 35 (2): 176–81. doi:10.1002/gcc.10108. PMID 12203782.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L; et al. (2004). "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (5): 566–9. doi:10.1038/nbt810. PMID 12665801.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Komata T, Kanzawa T, Takeuchi H; et al. (2004). "Antitumour effect of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16(INK4A), p18(INK4C), p19(INK4D), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1)) on malignant glioma cells". Br. J. Cancer. 88 (8): 1277–80. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600862. PMID 12698196.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)