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The product of this gene belongs to the integrin alpha chain family of proteins. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. This gene encodes an alpha 4 chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Alpha 4 chain associates with either beta 1 chain or beta 7 chain.[1]
↑Hadari YR, Arbel-Goren R, Levy Y, Amsterdam A, Alon R, Zakut R, Zick Y (2000). "Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis". J. Cell Sci. 113 (Pt 13): 2385–97. PMID10852818.
↑Han J, Liu S, Rose DM, Schlaepfer DD, McDonald H, Ginsberg MH (November 2001). "Phosphorylation of the integrin alpha 4 cytoplasmic domain regulates paxillin binding". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 40903–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102665200. PMID11533025.
↑Liu S, Kiosses WB, Rose DM, Slepak M, Salgia R, Griffin JD, Turner CE, Schwartz MA, Ginsberg MH (June 2002). "A fragment of paxillin binds the alpha 4 integrin cytoplasmic domain (tail) and selectively inhibits alpha 4-mediated cell migration". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20887–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110928200. PMID11919182.
Further reading
Humphries MJ, Sheridan J, Mould AP, Newham P (1995). "Mechanisms of VCAM-1 and fibronectin binding to integrin alpha 4 beta 1: implications for integrin function and rational drug design". Ciba Found. Symp. 189: 177–91, discussion 191–9. PMID7587632.
Oostendorp RA, Dörmer P (1997). "VLA-4-mediated interactions between normal human hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells". Leuk. Lymphoma. 24 (5–6): 423–35. doi:10.3109/10428199709055581. PMID9086434.
Porter JC, Hogg N (1999). "Integrins take partners: cross-talk between integrins and other membrane receptors". Trends Cell Biol. 8 (10): 390–6. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(98)01344-0. PMID9789327.
O'Connor P (2007). "Natalizumab and the role of alpha 4-integrin antagonism in the treatment of multiple sclerosis". Expert opinion on biological therapy. 7 (1): 123–36. doi:10.1517/14712598.7.1.123. PMID17150024.
Chan BM, Elices MJ, Murphy E, Hemler ME (1992). "Adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and fibronectin. Comparison of alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) and alpha 4 beta 7 on the human B cell line JY". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (12): 8366–70. PMID1373725.
Fernández-Ruiz E, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Rubio MA, Corbí AL, Rodriguez de Córdoba S, Sánchez-Madrid F (1992). "Mapping of the human VLA-alpha 4 gene to chromosome 2q31-q32". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (2): 587–90. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220243. PMID1537388.
Rubio M, Nueda A, Vara A, Corbí Lopez AL (1992). "A single mRNA encodes the alpha 150 and alpha 80/70 forms of the alpha subunit of VLA4". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (4): 1099–102. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220434. PMID1551405.
Hemler ME, Huang C, Schwarz L (1987). "The VLA protein family. Characterization of five distinct cell surface heterodimers each with a common 130,000 molecular weight beta subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (7): 3300–9. PMID3546305.
Gailit J, Pierschbacher M, Clark RA (1993). "Expression of functional alpha 4 beta 1 integrin by human dermal fibroblasts". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (3): 323–8. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470011. PMID8440915.
Szabo M, McIntyre BW (1996). "Identification of two variants of the human integrin alpha 4 subunit". Mol. Immunol. 32 (17–18): 1453–4. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(96)00001-6. PMID8643114.
Mannion BA, Berditchevski F, Kraeft SK, Chen LB, Hemler ME (1996). "Transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins CD81 (TAPA-1), CD82, CD63, and CD53 specifically associated with integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (CD49d/CD29)". J. Immunol. 157 (5): 2039–47. PMID8757325.