Bronchiolitis causes: Difference between revisions

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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]]  
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Influenza]] <ref name="pmid23694832">{{cite journal| author=Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL et al.| title=Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 9 | pages= 950-5 | pmid=23694832 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31829b7e43 | pmc=PMC3880140 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23694832  }} </ref>
*[[Parainfluenza]]
*[[Parainfluenza]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]] <ref name="pmid26388588">{{cite journal| author=Azkur D, Özaydın E, Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu E, Vezir E, Tombuloğlu D, Köse G et al.| title=Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. | journal=Turk J Pediatr | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 592-6 | pmid=26388588 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26388588  }} </ref>
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]] <ref name="pmid26388588">{{cite journal| author=Azkur D, Özaydın E, Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu E, Vezir E, Tombuloğlu D, Köse G et al.| title=Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. | journal=Turk J Pediatr | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 592-6 | pmid=26388588 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26388588 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23694832">{{cite journal| author=Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL et al.| title=Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 9 | pages= 950-5 | pmid=23694832 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31829b7e43 | pmc=PMC3880140 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23694832 }} </ref>
*[[Rhinovirus]] <ref name="pmid26388588">{{cite journal| author=Azkur D, Özaydın E, Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu E, Vezir E, Tombuloğlu D, Köse G et al.| title=Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. | journal=Turk J Pediatr | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 592-6 | pmid=26388588 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26388588  }} </ref>
*[[Rhinovirus]] <ref name="pmid26388588">{{cite journal| author=Azkur D, Özaydın E, Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu E, Vezir E, Tombuloğlu D, Köse G et al.| title=Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. | journal=Turk J Pediatr | year= 2014 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 592-6 | pmid=26388588 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26388588 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23694832">{{cite journal| author=Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL et al.| title=Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 9 | pages= 950-5 | pmid=23694832 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31829b7e43 | pmc=PMC3880140 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23694832 }} </ref>


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenovirus]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], [[coronavirus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[human bocavirus]], [[human immunodeficiency virus]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza]], [[measles]], [[microsporidiosis]], [[mumps]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[nocardia]], [[parainfluenza]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]], [[varicella zoster]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenovirus]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], [[chlamydophila pneumoniae]], [[coronavirus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[human bocavirus]], [[human immunodeficiency virus]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza]], [[measles]], [[microsporidiosis]], [[mumps]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[nocardia]], [[parainfluenza]], [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]], [[varicella zoster]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|3|
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]] <ref name="pmid23995960">{{cite journal| author=Chau SK, Lee SL, Peiris MJ, Chan KH, Chan E, Wong W et al.| title=Adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Hong Kong: serotype-clinical syndrome association and risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection. | journal=Eur J Pediatr | year= 2014 | volume= 173 | issue= 3 | pages= 291-301 | pmid=23995960 | doi=10.1007/s00431-013-2127-z | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995960  }} </ref>
*[[Ammonia]]
*[[Ammonia]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
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*[[Cartilage-hair hypoplasia]]
*[[Cartilage-hair hypoplasia]]
*[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
*[[Chlamydia pneumoniae]]
*[[Chlamydophilia pneumoniae]] <ref name="pmid24596014">{{cite journal| author=Choroszy-Król I, Frej-Mądrzak M, Hober M, Sarowska J, Jama-Kmiecik A| title=Infections caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. | journal=Adv Clin Exp Med | year= 2014 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 123-6 | pmid=24596014 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24596014  }} </ref>
*[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]] <ref name="pmid24596014">{{cite journal| author=Choroszy-Król I, Frej-Mądrzak M, Hober M, Sarowska J, Jama-Kmiecik A| title=Infections caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. | journal=Adv Clin Exp Med | year= 2014 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 123-6 | pmid=24596014 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24596014  }} </ref>
*[[Chlorine]]
*[[Chlorine]]
*[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
*[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
*[[Coronavirus]]
*[[Coronavirus]] <ref name="pmid23694832">{{cite journal| author=Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL et al.| title=Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2013 | volume= 32 | issue= 9 | pages= 950-5 | pmid=23694832 | doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e31829b7e43 | pmc=PMC3880140 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23694832  }} </ref>
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
Line 169: Line 169:
*[[Pramipexole]]
*[[Pramipexole]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
*[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] <ref name="pmid24570384">{{cite journal| author=Hallowell RW, Horton MR| title=Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: spontaneous and drug induced. | journal=Drugs | year= 2014 | volume= 74 | issue= 4 | pages= 443-50 | pmid=24570384 | doi=10.1007/s40265-014-0190-z | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24570384  }} </ref>
*[[Rhinovirus]] <ref name="pmid24624610">{{cite journal| author=Stock I| title=[Human rhinovirus diseases--epidemiology, treatment and prevention]. | journal=Med Monatsschr Pharm | year= 2014 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 44-53 | pmid=24624610 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24624610  }} </ref>
*[[Rhinovirus]] <ref name="pmid24624610">{{cite journal| author=Stock I| title=[Human rhinovirus diseases--epidemiology, treatment and prevention]. | journal=Med Monatsschr Pharm | year= 2014 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 44-53 | pmid=24624610 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24624610  }} </ref>
*[[Rituximab]]
*[[Rituximab]]

Revision as of 16:18, 1 March 2016

Bronchiolitis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Bronchiolitis usually affects children under the age of 2, with a peak age of 3 - 6 months. It is a common, and sometimes severe illness. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other viruses that can cause bronchiolitis include adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Ammonia, chlorine, diacetyl, gold, mirex, mustard gas, paraquat
Dermatologic Dermatomyositis, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect Busulfan, nimesulide, papaverine, penicillamine, pramipexole, rituximab, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfasalazine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Cartilage-hair hypoplasia, chronic granulomatous disease
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Adenovirus, bordetella pertussis, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, coronavirus, cytomegalovirus, haemophilus influenzae, human bocavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, human metapneumovirus, influenza, measles, microsporidiosis, mumps, mycoplasma pneumoniae, nocardia, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, upper respiratory tract infection, varicella zoster
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Cartilage-hair hypoplasia
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, upper respiratory tract infection
Renal / Electrolyte Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Chronic granulomatous disease, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Mumps
Dental Mumps
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Miller EK, Gebretsadik T, Carroll KN, Dupont WD, Mohamed YA, Morin LL; et al. (2013). "Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32 (9): 950–5. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31829b7e43. PMC 3880140. PMID 23694832.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Azkur D, Özaydın E, Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu E, Vezir E, Tombuloğlu D, Köse G; et al. (2014). "Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis". Turk J Pediatr. 56 (6): 592–6. PMID 26388588.
  3. Chau SK, Lee SL, Peiris MJ, Chan KH, Chan E, Wong W; et al. (2014). "Adenovirus respiratory infection in hospitalized children in Hong Kong: serotype-clinical syndrome association and risk factors for lower respiratory tract infection". Eur J Pediatr. 173 (3): 291–301. doi:10.1007/s00431-013-2127-z. PMID 23995960.
  4. Choroszy-Król I, Frej-Mądrzak M, Hober M, Sarowska J, Jama-Kmiecik A (2014). "Infections caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae". Adv Clin Exp Med. 23 (1): 123–6. PMID 24596014.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ryu K, Takayanagi N, Ishiguro T, Kanauchi T, Kawate E, Kagiyama N; et al. (2015). "Etiology and Outcome of Diffuse Acute Infectious Bronchiolitis in Adults". Ann Am Thorac Soc. 12 (12): 1781–7. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201507-473OC. PMID 26524622.
  6. Hallowell RW, Horton MR (2014). "Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: spontaneous and drug induced". Drugs. 74 (4): 443–50. doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0190-z. PMID 24570384.
  7. Stock I (2014). "[Human rhinovirus diseases--epidemiology, treatment and prevention]". Med Monatsschr Pharm. 37 (2): 44–53. PMID 24624610.
  8. Kreider M, Highland K (2014). "Pulmonary involvement in Sjögren syndrome". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 35 (2): 255–64. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1371529. PMID 24668540.

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