Boutonneuse fever

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Kenya tick typhus; Marseilles fever; Mediterranean spotted fever; Rickettsia conorii; fièvre boutonneuse

Overview

Boutonneuse fever is a fever as a result of a Rickettsial infection caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the dog tick Riphicephalus sanguineus. Boutonneuse fever is endemic in many countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It has an incubation period of 7 days.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

• Chills
• Fever
• Myalgias
• Joint pains
• Headache
• Photophobia

Physical Examination

Skin

• A black crust (tache noire) forms in the place of the tick bite.
• Around the 4th day of the illness an exanthem appears, first macular and then maculopapular and sometimes petechial.

Laboratory Findings

The diagnosis is made with serologic methods, either the classic Weil Felix test (agglutination of Proteus OX strains ), either ELISA or immunofluorescence assays.

Treatment

The illness is treated with chloramphenicol or doxycycline.

Related Chapters

• Rocky Mountain spotted fever

References

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