Bladder cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

	Bladder cancer Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Bladder cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
CT
MRI
Electrocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Bladder cancer pathophysiology On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bladder cancer pathophysiology All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Bladder cancer pathophysiology
CDC on Bladder cancer pathophysiology
Bladder cancer pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Bladder cancer pathophysiology
Directions to Hospitals Treating Bladder cancer
Risk calculators and risk factors for Bladder cancer pathophysiology

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 18:28, 1 October 2015

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

Overview

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer include HRAS mutation

Rb1 mutation
PTEN/MMAC1 mutation
NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
GSTM1 null phenotype

Pathogenesis

Under normal conditions, the bladder, the lower part of the kidneys (the renal pelvises), the ureters, and the proximal urethra are lined with a specialized mucous membrane referred to as transitional epithelium (also called urothelium).
Most cancers that form in the bladder, the renal pelvises, the ureters, and the proximal urethra are transitional cell carcinomas (also called urothelial carcinomas) that derive from transitional epithelium.

Genetics

Genetic mutations:

HRAS mutation
Rb1 mutation
PTEN/MMAC1 mutation
NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
GSTM1 null phenotype

Gross Pathology

Transitional cell carcinomas have 2 main growth patterns. Papillary urothelial carcinomas have slim finger-like projections that grow from the lining of the bladder into the bladder cavity. Flat urothelial carcinomas lay flat in the lining of the bladder. They grow deeper into the layers of the bladder wall rather than into the bladder cavity.

Microscopic Pathology

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-==Pathophysiology==
+Genes involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer include [[HRAS]] mutation
-===Genetics===
+* [[Retinoblastoma protein|Rb1]] mutation
-Like virtually all cancers, bladder cancer development involves the acquisition of mutations in various [[oncogene]]s and [[tumor supressor gene]]s. Genes which may be altered in bladder cancer include [[H19 (gene)|H19]], [[FGFR3]], [[HRAS]], [[RB1]] and [[TP53]]. Several genes have been identified which play a role in regulating the cycle of cell division, preventing cells from dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way. Alterations in these genes may help explain why some bladder cancers grow and spread more rapidly than others.
+* [[PTEN]]/MMAC1 mutation
+* NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
+* GSTM1 null phenotype
+==Pathogenesis==
+* Under normal conditions, the bladder, the lower part of the kidneys (the renal pelvises), the ureters, and the proximal urethra are lined with a specialized mucous membrane referred to as transitional epithelium (also called urothelium).
+* Most cancers that form in the bladder, the renal pelvises, the ureters, and the proximal urethra are transitional cell carcinomas (also called urothelial carcinomas) that derive from transitional epithelium.
+==Genetics==
+Genetic mutations:
+* [[HRAS]] mutation
+* [[Retinoblastoma protein|Rb1]] mutation
+* [[PTEN]]/MMAC1 mutation
+* NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype
+* GSTM1 null phenotype
+==Gross Pathology==
+Transitional cell carcinomas have 2 main growth patterns. Papillary urothelial carcinomas have slim finger-like projections that grow from the lining of the bladder into the bladder cavity. Flat urothelial carcinomas lay flat in the lining of the bladder. They grow deeper into the layers of the bladder wall rather than into the bladder cavity.
+==Microscopic Pathology==
-A family history of bladder cancer is also a risk factor for the disease. Many cancer experts assert that some people appear to inherit reduced ability to break down certain chemicals, which makes them more sensitive to the cancer-causing effects of tobacco smoke and certain industrial chemicals.
 ==References==