Bicuspid aortic stenosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [2]

Physical Examination

Cardiac Examination

  • There is a systolic murmur from birth (occurs later in life in acquired AS). It is heard best in aortic area (2nd intercostal space along right sternal border)
  • Paradoxical splitting of 2nd heart sound occurs in severe aortic stenosis
  • Unlike acquired aortic stenosis(AS), the contour of the carotid pulse is not a good predictor of severity in congenital AS because it is so variable.
  • Because the valve is not calcified early on in the case of a fused valve, an ejection click may be present unlike acquired AS.
  • Patients often have an S4.
  • In presence of aortic insufficieny, a diastolic murmur may be heard. Various maneuvers such as isometric handgrip, having patients lean forward in a seated position helps in hearing the murmur better.

Other Physical Features Related to Associated Syndromes

References

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