Benzoyl peroxide: Difference between revisions

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{{Chembox new|
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
ImageFile=Benzoyl-peroxide-2D-skeletal.png|
|authorTag=<!--Overview-->
IUPACName=Dibenzoyldioxidane|
|aOrAn=a
Formula=(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CO)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>4</sub>|
|hasBlackBoxWarning=Yes
MolarMass=242.23 g/mol|
|adverseReactions=<!--Black Box Warning-->
CASNo=94-36-0|
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span>
Density=1.334 g/cm<sup>3</sup>|
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>
MeltingPt=103&ndash;5 °C ''decomp.''|
Solubility=Poor|
  Solvent=Water|
SMILES=c1ccccc1C(=O)OOC(=O)c2ccccc2|
Section1={{Chembox Hazards|
  EUClass=Explosive ('''E''')<br/>Irritant ('''Xi''')|
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  Autoignition=80°C|
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{{SI}}


* Content


==Overview==
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
[[Image:Benzoyl peroxide gel.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Tube of Basiron, a water-based 5% benzoyl peroxide preparation for the treatment of [[Acne vulgaris|acne]].]]
'''Benzoyl peroxide''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] {{IPA|[ˈbɛnzəʊɪl pəˈrɒksaɪd]}}) is a [[chemical]] in the [[organic peroxide]] family. It consists of two benzoyl groups ([[benzaldehyde]] with the H of CHO removed) joined by a [[peroxide]] group.


== Uses ==
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
Benzoyl peroxide is a radical [[initiation|initiator]]. Homolytic cleavage of the weak oxygen-oxygen bond forms [[radical (chemistry)|free radicals]] which trigger further reactions.
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition1=====


Jack Breitbart of [[Revlon]] laboratories first discovered Benzoyl peroxide's use for treating acne.  It is typically placed over the affected areas in gel or cream form, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through the usually effective 5% to up to 10%. Research suggests that 5 and 10% concentrations are not significantly more effective than 2.5% and 2.5% is usually better tolerated.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Mills | first = OH Jr | coauthors = Kligman AM, Pochi P, Comite H | year = 1986 | title = Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgaris. | journal = International Journal of Dermatology | volume = 25 | issue = 10 | pages = 664–667 | pmid = 2948929}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Yong | first = CC | year = 1979 | title = Benzoyl peroxide gel therapy in acne in Singapore. | journal = International Journal of Dermatology | volume = 18 | issue = 6 | pages = 485–488 | pmid = 158569}}</ref> It commonly causes initial dryness and sometimes irritation, although skin tolerance usually occurs after a week or so. A small percentage of people are much more sensitive to it and liable to suffer burning, itching, peeling and possibly swelling<ref>Typical product information leaflets and monographs</ref>. It is sensible to apply the lowest concentration and build up as appropriate. Once tolerance is achieved, increasing the quantity or concentration a second time and gaining tolerance at a higher level usually gives better subsequent acne clearance. Benzoyl peroxide works as a peeling agent, increasing skin turnover and clearing pores, thus reducing the bacterial count there as well as directly as an antibacterial.
* Dosing Information


Other common uses for benzoyl peroxide include [[hair dye|dyeing hair]], and as an active ingredient in teeth whitening systems. It is also used in the preparation of [[flour]], and can be used as an [[initiator]] and  [[catalyst]] for [[polyester]] [[thermoset]] resins (as an alternative to the much more hazardous [[methyl ethyl ketone peroxide]]).
:* Dosage


== Safety ==
=====Condition2=====
Pure benzoyl peroxide is highly flammable, explosive, toxic and a possible tumor promoter and may act as a mutagen<ref>[http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/BE/benzoyl_peroxide.html]</ref>, and should be handled with care.


Diluted in an ointment, benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment and the following precautions and claims pertain to this use. Attention should be paid to the safety directions provided when purchased.
* Dosing Information


In the [[United States of America|United States]], the typical concentration for benzoyl peroxide is 2.5% to 10% for both [[Prescription drug|prescription]] and [[Over-the-counter drug|over the counter]] use. Benzoyl peroxide, like most peroxides, is a powerful [[bleach|bleaching]] agent. Contact with fabric (including clothing and bed linens) or hair can cause permanent color dampening almost immediately.
:* Dosage


Benzoyl peroxide breaks down in contact with skin, producing [[benzoic acid]] and oxygen, neither of which are significantly toxic.<ref>[http://www.chem.unep.ch/irptc/sids/oecdsids/BENZOYLPER.pdf#search=%22%22benzoyl%20peroxide%22%20decomposition%20vivo%22 "Benzoyl Peroxide" section 3.1.1]</ref>
=====Condition3=====


When applied to skin benzoyl peroxide has been shown to induce cancer, but ''only'' when used at 100% concentrations; it has not been shown to do this at the far lower concentrations used for treating acne, and at lower concentrations benzoyl peroxide has not been found to be mutagenic or carcinogenic.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
* Dosing Information


Benzoyl peroxide removes the top layer of skin, which also decreases the sun protective effect (roughly [[Sunscreen|SPF]] 3). This can cause sunburn and premature aging if sun protection is not worn. If sun protection is used, benzoyl peroxide has effects similar to [[glycolic acid]] peels which are so-called anti-aging treatments.
:* Dosage


== Double Displacement ==
=====Condition4=====
Mixing [[sodium peroxide]] with [[benzoyl chloride]] gives benzoyl peroxide and [[sodium chloride]].


== Decomposition ==
* Dosing Information
The [[half-life]] of benzoyl peroxide is one hour at 92°C. At 131°C, the half-life is one minute. <ref>{{cite paper | author = Hui Li | title = Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Vinyl Ester Matrix Resins | date = 1998 | url = http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-42198-113329/unrestricted/ch2.pdf | format = [[PDF]] | accessdate = 2007-02-17 }}</ref>


== References ==
:* Dosage
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for instructions. -->
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->
*{{ICSC|0225|02}}
*{{PGCH|0052}}
*[[IARC]] Monograph "[http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol71/007-benzoylperox.html Benzoyl peroxide.]"
*[http://www.acnecuresecrets.com/Benzoyl_peroxide.html Benzoyl Peroxide as Acne Treatment] Using Benzoyl Peroxide to treat Acne.
*[http://www.chemicalland21.com/arokorhi/specialtychem/finechem/BENZOYL%20PEROXIDE.htm Benzoyl Peroxide]
*[http://www.acne.org/regimen.html Information on Benzoyl Peroxide Application] - Acne.org Daniel Kern's acne treatment regimen


{{E number infobox 920-929}}
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
{{Acne Agents}}
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition1=====


[[Category:Organic peroxides]]
* Developed by:  
[[Category:Dermatological preparations]]
[[Category:IARC Group 3 carcinogens]]


[[de:Dibenzoylperoxid]]
* Class of Recommendation:
[[fr:Peroxyde de benzoyle]]
 
[[nl:Benzoylperoxide]]
* Strength of Evidence:
[[pt:Peróxido de benzoíla]]
 
[[ja:過酸化ベンゾイル]]
* Dosing Information
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[[Category:Drug]]

Revision as of 21:08, 14 January 2015

Benzoyl peroxide
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

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Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Benzoyl peroxide is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Benzoyl peroxide in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Benzoyl peroxide in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Benzoyl peroxide in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Benzoyl peroxide in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Benzoyl peroxide in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Benzoyl peroxide in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Benzoyl peroxide during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Benzoyl peroxide in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Benzoyl peroxide in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Benzoyl peroxide Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Benzoyl peroxide01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Benzoyl peroxide Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Benzoyl peroxide |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Benzoyl peroxide |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Benzoyl peroxide in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Benzoyl peroxide interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

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