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| {{drugbox | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (Injection)}} |
| | IUPAC_name = (4''R'')-4-[(2''S'')-2-({2-[(1''S'')-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]- 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}formamido)-4-methylpentanamido]-4-{[(1''S'')- 1-{[(3''S'',6''R'',9''S'',12''R'',15''S'',18''R'',21''S'')- 18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-(butan-2-yl)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)- 6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1''H''-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20- heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclopentacosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}- 2-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (topical)}} |
| | image = Bacitracin A.svg.png
| | {{Details0|Bacitracin (opthalmic)}} |
| | CAS_number = 1405-87-4
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| | ATC_prefix = D06
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| | ATC_suffix = AX05
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| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R02|AB04}}
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| | PubChem = 439542
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| | DrugBank = APRD00816
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| | C = 66 | H = 103 | N = 17 | O = 16 | S = 1
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| | molecular_weight = 1422.69 g/mol
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| | bioavailability =
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life =
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_status = OTC/℞-only
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| | routes_of_administration = [[Topical]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]]
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| }}
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{EH}} | |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Bacitracin''' is a mixture of related cyclic [[peptide|polypeptide]]s produced by [[organism]]s of the licheniformis group of ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'' ''var'' Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy.<ref>Johnson B, Anker H, Meleney F (1945). "Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group". ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' '''102''' (2650): 376–377.</ref> As a toxic and difficult-to-use [[antibiotic]], bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically.
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| Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that [[ribosome]]s are not involved in its [[nonribosomal peptide|synthesis]].
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| ==Mechanism of action==
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| Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the [[carbon|C]]<sub>55</sub>-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223].
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| ==Clinical use==
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| Bacitracin is used in human medicine and is "approved by the [[FDA]] for use in chickens and turkeys."<ref name="disc">[http://discovermagazine.com/2007/sep/better-planet Antibiotic use on the farm hurts people—and doesn’t help the bottom line.] [[Discover Magazine]]. Accessed on [[September 16]], [[2007]].</ref> | |
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| As bacitracin zinc salt, and in combination with other topical antibiotics (usually [[polymyxin B]] and [[neomycin]]), it is used in [[ointment]] form for topical treatment of a variety of localized skin and eye infections, as well as for the prevention of wound [[infection]]s. In the [[United States]] a popular brand name [[Neosporin]] contains Bacitracin as one of its [[antibiotic]] agents along with [[Neomycin]] and [[Polymyxin B]]. Bacitracin can also be bought in pure form for those with allergies.
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| It is also commonly used as an aftercare antibiotic on tattoos. It is preferred over Neosporin because of its fewer ingredients, which lowers chances of an allergic reaction.<ref>http://tattoo.about.com/cs/tatfaq/a/aftrcr_cntrdctn.htm</ref>
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| In infants, it is sometimes administered [[intramuscular]]ly for the treatment of [[pneumonia]]s. This formulation is sold under the brand name Baciim®.
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| ==References==
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| <div class="references-small"><references/></div>
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| {{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
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| {{PolypeptideAntiBiotics}}
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| {{Throat preparations}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| [[Category:Polypeptide antibiotics]]
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| <br>
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| [[fr:Bacitracine]]
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| [[ja:バシトラシン]]
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