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| {{DrugProjectFormSinglePage | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (Injection)}} |
| |authorTag={{AP}}
| | {{Details0|Bacitracin (topical)}} |
| |genericName=Bacitracin | | {{Details0|Bacitracin (opthalmic)}} |
| |aOrAn=an
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| |drugClass=[[antibiotic]]
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| |indicationType=treatment
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| |indication=infants with [[pneumonia]] and [[empyema]] caused by [[staphylococci]] shown to be susceptible to the drug
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| |hasBlackBoxWarning=Yes
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| |adverseReactions=injection site pain
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| |blackBoxWarningTitle=WARNING
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| |blackBoxWarningBody=Nephrotoxicity: Bacitracin in parenteral (intramuscular) therapy may cause renal failure due to tubular and glomerular necrosis. Its use should be restricted to infants with staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema when due to organisms shown to be susceptible to bacitracin. It should be used only where adequate laboratory facilities are available and when constant supervision of the patient is possible. Renal function should be carefully determined prior to and daily during therapy. The recommended daily dose should not be exceeded and fluid intake and urinary output maintained at proper levels to avoid kidney toxicity. If renal toxicity occurs the drug should be discontinued. The concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs, particularly streptomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, polymyxin E (colistin), and neomycin should be avoided.
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| |offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Bacitracin in adult patients.
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| |offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Bacitracin in adult patients.
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| |fdaLIADPed=bacitracin is limited to the treatment of infants with pneumonia and empyema caused by staphylococci shown to be susceptible to the drug.
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| To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Bacitracin and other antibacterial drugs, Bacitracin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
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| |offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Bacitracin in pediatric patients.
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| |offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Bacitracin in pediatric patients.
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| |contraindications=This drug is contraindicated in those individuals with a history of previous [[hypersensitivity]] or [[toxic reaction]] to it.
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| |warnings=[[Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea]] ([[CDAD]]) has been reported with use of nearly all [[antibacterial agents]], including Bacitracin for Injection and may range in severity from mild [[diarrhea]] to fatal [[colitis]]. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal [[flora of the colon]] leading to overgrowth of [[C. difficile]].
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| [[C. difficile]] produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of [[CDAD]]. Hypertoxin producing strains of [[C. difficile]] cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require [[colectomy]]. [[CDAD]] must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since [[CDAD]] has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
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| If [[CDAD]] is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against [[C. difficile]] may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and [[electrolyte]] management, [[protein supplementation]], antibiotic treatment of [[C. difficile]], and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
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| |alcohol=Alcohol-Bacitracin interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
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| }} | |
| __NOTOC__
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| {{Bacitracin}} | |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MM}} | |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Bacitracin''' is a mixture of related cyclic [[peptide|polypeptide]]s produced by [[organism]]s of the licheniformis group of ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'' ''var'' Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy.<ref>Johnson B, Anker H, Meleney F (1945). "Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group". ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' '''102''' (2650): 376–377.</ref> As a toxic and difficult-to-use [[antibiotic]], bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically.
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| Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that [[ribosome]]s are not involved in its [[nonribosomal peptide|synthesis]]. | |
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| ==Category==
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| [[Polypeptide]]
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| ==US Brand Names==
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| BACIIM<sup>®</sup>
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| ==FDA Package Insert==
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| '''[[Bacitracin description|Description]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
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| '''| [[Bacitracin how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
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| ==Mechanism of Action==
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| Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the [[carbon|C]]<sub>55</sub>-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223].
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Antibiotics]]
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| [[Category:Wikinfect]]
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