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| ImageFile = BIMU-8.png<br />
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| IUPACName = endo-N-8- methyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-3-yl)- 2,3-dihydro-3- isopropyl-2-oxo- 1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide hydrochloride<br />
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| CASNo = 134296-40-5<br />
| PubChem = 5311028<br />
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties<br />
| Formula = C19H27ClN4O2<br />
| MolarMass = 378.896<br />
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards<br />
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'''BIMU-8''' is a novel compound which acts on an area of the brain stem known as the pre-Botzinger complex. <br />
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== Explanation ==<br />
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The [[pre-Botzinger complex]] has been found to drive respiration. BIMU-8 stimulates this area of the brain, causing an increase in the rate of [[Respiration (physiology)|respiration]]. BIMU-8 acts as a selective 5HT<sub>4</sub> agonist and is one of the first compounds to be developed that was selective for this [[serotonin]] receptor subtype.<br />
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== Practical use of BIMU-8 ==<br />
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The most obvious practical use of BIMU-8 is to combine it with [[opiate]]s in order to counteract the dangerous respiratory depressing properties of the latter.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Manzke T, Guenther U, Ponimaskin E, Haller M, Dutschmann M, Schwarzacher S, Richter D |title=5-HT4(a) receptors avert opioid-induced breathing depression without loss of analgesia |journal=Science |volume=301 |issue=5630 |pages=226-9 |year=2003 |pmid=12855812}}</ref> BIMU-8 does not affect the painkilling properties of opiates, which means that if combined with BIMU-8, large therapeutic doses of opiates could theoretically be given to [[human]]s without risking a decrease in breathing rate. Studies have shown BIMU-8 to be effective in [[rat]]s at counteracting the respiratory depression caused by the potent opioid [[fentanyl]], which has caused many accidental deaths in humans. However no human trials of BIMU-8 have yet been carried out. <br />
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Other studies have suggested a role for 5HT<sub>4</sub> agonists in learning and memory,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Meneses A, Hong E |title=Effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonists and antagonists in learning |journal=Pharmacol Biochem Behav |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=347-51 |year=1997 |pmid=9077568}}</ref> BIMU-8 was found to increase conditioned responses in mice, and so this drug might also be useful for improving memory in humans. Interestingly other selective 5HT<sub>4</sub> agonists such as [[mosapride]] (the only <br />
5HT<sub>4</sub> agonist currently available for use in humans) have been found not to reduce respiratory depression,<ref>Lotsch J, Skarke C, Schneider A, Hummel T, Geisslinger G. The 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonist mosapride does not antagonize morphine-induced respiratory depression. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2005 Sep;78(3):278-87.</ref> suggesting that BIMU-8 may affect 5HT<sub>4</sub> receptors in a different way to other 5HT<sub>4</sub> agonists, or alternatively that the anti-respiratory depressant effect of BIMU-8 is instead mediated through a different mechanism of action which has not yet been elucidated.<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://www.nature.com/bjp/journal/vgrac/ncurrent/full/0706512a.html British Journal of Pharmacology]<br />
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[[Category:Respiratory agents]]<br />
[[Category:Nitrogen heterocycles]]<br />
[[Category:Antidotes]]<br />
[[Category:Serotonin receptor agonists]]<br />
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