Atelectasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If left untreated, [ | If left untreated, atelectasis may be fatal in [[Patient|patients]] and progress to [[pneumonia]], [[sepsis]], and [[respiratory failure]]. Common complications of atelectasis include [[pneumonia]], [[bronchiectasis]], [[hypoxemia]], [[respiratory failure]], and [[sepsis]]. Depending on the extent of [[lung]] involvement at the time of diagnosis, the [[prognosis]] may vary. However, the [[prognosis]] is generally regarded as good. Involvement of a small portion of the [[lung]] is not associated with life threatening complications, as the remaining [[lung]] compensates for the [[hypoxemia]]. However, atelectasis is associated with poor [[prognosis]] if the surface area of [[lung]] involvement is very large, in the presence of pre-existing [[lung]] disease, in case of failure to remove [[obstruction]] and in case of atelectasis due to [[cancer]]. | ||
Common complications of [ | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The symptoms of atelectasis typically develop [[Post operative complications|postoperatively]] or due to [[foreign body aspiration]], [[mechanical ventilation]] or obstructive causes. | *The symptoms of atelectasis typically develop [[Post operative complications|postoperatively]] or due to [[foreign body aspiration]], [[mechanical ventilation]] or obstructive causes.<ref name="pmid15499947">{{cite journal |vauthors=Halvorsen T, Skadberg BT, Eide GE, Røksund OD, Carlsen KH, Bakke P |title=Pulmonary outcome in adolescents of extreme preterm birth: a regional cohort study |journal=Acta Paediatr. |volume=93 |issue=10 |pages=1294–300 |year=2004 |pmid=15499947 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*If left untreated, atelectasis may be fatal in patients and progress to [[pneumonia]], [[sepsis]], and [[respiratory failure]]. | *If left untreated, atelectasis may be fatal in patients and progress to [[pneumonia]], [[sepsis]], and [[respiratory failure]].<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic">{{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684 |title=Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of atelectasis include: | *Common complications of atelectasis include:<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic">{{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atelectasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369684 |title=Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Pneumonia]] | **[[Pneumonia]] | ||
**[[Bronchiectasis]] | **[[Bronchiectasis]] | ||
| Line 29: | Line 21: | ||
**[[Pleural effusion]] | **[[Pleural effusion]] | ||
**[[Empyema]] | **[[Empyema]] | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Depending on the extent of [[lung]] involvement at the time of diagnosis, the [[prognosis]] may vary. However, the [[prognosis]] is generally regarded as good.<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Scripps Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.scripps.org/articles/3261-atelectasis |title=Atelectasis - Scripps Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*Depending on the extent of | *Involvement of a small portion of the [[lung]] is not associated with life threatening complications, as the remaining [[lung]] compensates for the [[hypoxemia]]. | ||
*The presence of | *The presence of atelectasis is associated with a particularly good [[prognosis]] among [[Patient|patients]] who develop symptoms postoperatively. | ||
*[ | *Atelectasis is associated with poor [[prognosis]] in the following scenarios:<ref name="urlAtelectasis - Scripps Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.scripps.org/articles/3261-atelectasis |title=Atelectasis - Scripps Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* | **Surface area of [[lung]] involvement is very large | ||
**In the presence of pre-existing [[lung]] disease | |||
**Failure to remove [[obstruction]] in case of obstructive atelectasis | |||
**Atelectasis due to [[cancer]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 22 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
If left untreated, atelectasis may be fatal in patients and progress to pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure. Common complications of atelectasis include pneumonia, bronchiectasis, hypoxemia, respiratory failure, and sepsis. Depending on the extent of lung involvement at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good. Involvement of a small portion of the lung is not associated with life threatening complications, as the remaining lung compensates for the hypoxemia. However, atelectasis is associated with poor prognosis if the surface area of lung involvement is very large, in the presence of pre-existing lung disease, in case of failure to remove obstruction and in case of atelectasis due to cancer.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of atelectasis typically develop postoperatively or due to foreign body aspiration, mechanical ventilation or obstructive causes.[1]
- If left untreated, atelectasis may be fatal in patients and progress to pneumonia, sepsis, and respiratory failure.[2]
Complications
- Common complications of atelectasis include:[2]
Prognosis
- Depending on the extent of lung involvement at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as good.[3]
- Involvement of a small portion of the lung is not associated with life threatening complications, as the remaining lung compensates for the hypoxemia.
- The presence of atelectasis is associated with a particularly good prognosis among patients who develop symptoms postoperatively.
- Atelectasis is associated with poor prognosis in the following scenarios:[3]
- Surface area of lung involvement is very large
- In the presence of pre-existing lung disease
- Failure to remove obstruction in case of obstructive atelectasis
- Atelectasis due to cancer
References
- ↑ Halvorsen T, Skadberg BT, Eide GE, Røksund OD, Carlsen KH, Bakke P (2004). "Pulmonary outcome in adolescents of extreme preterm birth: a regional cohort study". Acta Paediatr. 93 (10): 1294–300. PMID 15499947.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Atelectasis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Atelectasis - Scripps Health".