Arthritis: Difference between revisions

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Overview

Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) could be defined as painful joint damage. It might be as part of a systemic disorder or a single joint involvement. Arthritis may present as joint pain (arthralgia), swelling, erythema, warmness, and limitation of movement. It could be classified according to the number of involved joints, presence of inflammation, or duration of symptoms. Osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease) is the most common form of arthritis in the United States which involves up to 10% of population older than 60 years. Inflammatory arthritis is common in systemic autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is part of diagnostic criteria for this spectrum of diseases. Disease course in systemic disorders is usually chronic and multiple joints (polyarticular) are involved. In the other hand, infectious conditions like septic arthritis are acute in nature and they usually involve single joints (monoarticular). Crystal induced arthropathies may result in inflammatory joint(s) involvement, mainly are due to uric acid crystal deposition (gout) in articular space. Although, disease course and presence of other systemic manifestations are important for diagnosis but the gold standard method for diagnosis is joint aspiration, fluid analysis, and microscopic evaluation. Imaging might be helpful in certain condition to find the disease chronicity and structural changes in articular and periarticular structures. Prompt treatment is necessary specially for septic and inflammatory conditions to prevent structural joint damage and deformities.

Classification

Primary Forms of Arthritis:

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Monoarthritis

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with claudication, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with morning stiffness, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with local erythema, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss, click here.

Diseases			Clinical manifestations							Para-clinical findings								Gold standard	Additional findings
			Symptoms				Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
			Symptoms				Physical examination			Lab Findings				Imaging			Histopathology
			Joint Swelling	Fever	Weight loss	Claudication	Morning stiffness	Local erythema	Skin manifestation	CBC	ESR	Synovial fluid	Other	X-ray	CT scan	Other	Histopathology
Monoarthritis	Osteoarthritis^[1]		+	-	-	-	-	-	Heberden nodes	Anemia	-	Noninflammatory joint fluid	Urinary pyridinium cross-links	Joint-space loss, subchondral bony sclerosis, cyst formation	Malalignment of the patellofemoral joint	Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hand with bone scan	-	Clinical findings	Microfracture, bone pain
	Trauma^[2]		+	-	-	-	-	+	Wound or laceration	-	-	Hemarthrosis	-	Severe joint effusion, fracture	Fracture, synovial tear	-	-	X-ray	Deformity, severe pain
	Neoplasms^[3]		+	-	+	+/-	-	-	Rash	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)	Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia	Peri-articular osteoblastic or osteoclastic lesion	Elevation of the periosteum	Intense radionuclide uptake in bone scan	Spindle-shaped and atypical stromal cells with irregular nuclei	Clinical findings and imaging	Nocturnal pain, pathologic fractures
	Infection	Gonococcal infection^[4]	+	+	-	-	-	+	Maculopapular, pustular, vesicular lesions on an erythematous base	Leukocytosis	↑	Purulent with cell count > 50,000 WBC/µL (with PMNs > 90%)	Blood and synovial fluid culture	Minor articular damage	-	-	Dermal vasculitis with perivascular neutrophils	Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)	Dermatitis, tenosynovitis
		Nongonococcal bacterial infections^[5]	+	+	-	-	-	+	Local erythema	Leukocytosis	↑	Purulent with cell count > 50,000 WBC/µL (with PMNs > 90%)	Blood and synovial fluid culture	Joint effusion, cartilage destruction, & joint space narrowing	Sternoclavicular or sacroiliac joint infections	Periarticular osteomyelitis in MRI	-	Synovial fluid culture	Limping, malaise
		Mycobacterial infection^[6]	-	+	+	+	+/-	-	Local erythema	Leukocytosis, normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	Moderately elevated WBC counts (neutrophilic predominance), low glucose, and increased protein	PPD	Tissue swelling, bone destruction with normal joint space, osteopenia	Vertebral anterior portion collapse	Complicated effusion with partial joint destruction and erosion in MRI	Granulomatous inflammation	Synovial fluid culture	Limping, malaise, chronic cough
		Fungal infection^[7]	-	+/-	-	-	-	+/-	Local eczema, local erythema	Eosinophilia, leukocytosis	↑	WBC = 9,000-43,000/µL (PMNs predominance)	Direct microscopy	Joint effusion, dislocation of the joint, metaphyseal irregularities and punched out lesions	Articular erosion	-	Villonodular synovitis, typical pannus, non-caseating granulomas, spherules containing coccidioidal endospores	Synovial histopathology	Malaise, tenderness
		Lyme disease^[8]	+	+	+/-	+/-	-	-	Erythema migrans	Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia	-	Cell counts 500-98,000/µL	Microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST	Knee joint effusion, intra-articular edema	-	Unspecific effusion, synovial thickening or enhancement in MRI	Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles	Serologic tests	Erythema migrans
	Crystal-induced arthritis	Gout^[9]	+	+/-	-	-	-	+	Local swelling and erythema	Leukocytosis	↑	Needle shaped urate crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL	Urinary uric acid (>1100 mg in 24h)	Punched-out erosions or lytic areas with overhanging edges	Complementary for recognizing erosions	Tophi or edema in MRI	Large pale pink acellular areas (urate crystals), surrounded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells	Synovial fluid microscopy	Conjunctival nodules
	Crystal-induced arthritis	Pseudo-gout^[10]	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	Local swelling and erythema	Leukocytosis	↑	Rod shaped CPPD crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL	Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria	Radiodense lines paralleling the articular surface and calcification (chondrocalcinosis)	Calcific mass with a lobulated configuration in the ligamentum flavum or the joint capsule	Synovitis and calcific deposits in ultrasonography	Synovial calcium pyrophosphate crystals	Synovial fluid microscopy	Tenderness
	Systemic disorders	Reactive arthritis^[11]	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	Genital ulceration	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)	HLA-B27 test	Periosteal reaction and proliferation of tendon insertion site	Sacroiliitis	Enthesitis in ultrasonography	Keratoderma blennorrhagicum,balanitis circinata	Spondyloarthritis and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection	Conjunctivitis, uveitis
		Psoriatic arthritis^[12]	+	-	-	-	-	+	Scaly erythematous plaques, guttate lesions, lack of pus, erythroderma	Normal	↑	High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes	↑RF, ANA, IgA	Joint-space narrowing, fluffy periostitis	Pencil-in-cup deformity, early signs of synovitis	Sacroiliitic synovitis, enthesitis in MRI	Lack of intrasynovial Ig A and RF, greater propensity for fibrous ankylosis, osseous resorption, and heterotopic bone formation	Clinical findings	Onycholysis, splinter hemorrhages
		Inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis^[13]	+	+	-	-	+	+/-	Pyoderma gangrenosum (ulcerative colitis), erythema nodosum (Crohn disease)	Iron deficiency anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis	↑	Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMN predominance	↑RF, antiendomysial Ab, antitransglutaminase Ab	Bilateral sacroiliitis, syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine	-	Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI	-	Clinical findings and history	Acute anterior uveitis
		Sarcoid periarthritis^[14]	+	-	-	-	-	-	Mild papules and nodules	Mild anemia	↑	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	IL-2 and IFN-γ, ↑ACE, ↑1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D	Bilateral hilar adenopathy	Active alveolitis or fibrosis	Hepatosplenomegaly in ultrasonography	Non-caseating granulomas	Histological confirmation	Heart block, ocular lesion
		Rheumatoid arthritis^[15]	+	-	+	+	+	-	Rheumatoid nodules	Anemia, thrombocytosis	↑	WBC count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with neutrophil predominance (60-80%)	Anti-CCP Ab, hyperuricemia	Joint space narrowing	Microfractures	Synovitis in MRI	Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, with angiogenesis	Clinical findings and positive anti-CCP antibody	Rheumatoid nodules
		Myelodysplastic and leukemic disorders^[16]	+	+	+	+/-	-	-	Petechia and purpura	Anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia	↑	WBC count >2000/µL (inflammatory), with neutrophil predominance	LDH, uric acid	Articular surface erosion, synovial effusion	Thickened synovium	Synovitis in MRI	Inflammatory cells infiltration in synovial tissue	Bone marrow biopsy	Fatigue, nausea, recurrent infections	-

Differential Diagnosis of Diseases That Cause Polyarthritis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause polyarthritis:

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with claudication, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with morning stiffness, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with local erythema, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss, click here.

			Symptoms				Physical examination			Lab Findings				Imaging			Histopathology
Diseases			Clinical manifestations							Para-clinical findings								Gold standard	Additional findings
			Symptoms				Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
			Joint Swelling	Fever	Weight loss	Claudication	Morning stiffness	Local erythema	Skin manifestation	CBC	ESR	Synovial fluid	Other	X-ray	CT scan	Other	Histopathology
Polyarthritis	Infectious arthritis	Lyme disease^[17]	+	+	+/-	+/-	-	-	Erythema migrans	Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia	-	Cell counts 500-98,000/µL	Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST	-	-	-	Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles	Serologic tests	Erythema migrans
	Infectious arthritis	Bacterial endocarditis^[18]	+	+	+	-	-	+/-	Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots	Normochromic-normocytic anemia	↑	↑WBC, S. aureus in culture	Hyperglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia	Joint erosion and effusion	-	-	Vegetation or intracardiac abscess demonstrating active endocarditis	Echocardiography (TTE)	Vertebral osteomyelitis
	Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis	Rheumatic fever^[19]	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	Erythema marginatum rheumaticum	Leukocytosis	↑	Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL	Streptococcal antibody titer	Cardiomegaly	Valvular or pericardial calcification	Echocardiographic changes in heart valves	Edema, Fibrinoid necrosis, Mononuclear cell infiltrate	Echocardiography	Chorea, Carditis
		Reactive arthritis^[11]	+/-	+/-	-	-	-	-	Genital ulceration	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	High WBC count (10,000-40,000/µL)	HLA-B27 test	Periosteal reaction and proliferation of tendon insertion site	Sacroiliitis	Enthesitis in ultrasonography	Keratoderma blennorrhagicum, Balanitis circinata	Spondyloarthritis and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection	Conjunctivitis, Uveitis
		Enteric infection^[20]	-	+	-	-	-	-	Keratoderma and psoriaform lesions, Erythema nodosum	Neutrophilia	↑	PCR of causative organism	Stool exam and culture	-	-	-	Neutrophilic infiltration in synovial tissues	PCR of causative organism in synovial fluid	Diarrhea, Enthesopathy
	Other seronegative spondyloarthritides	Ankylosing spondylitis^[21]	+	-	+/-	+/-	+	-	Dactylitis (sausage digit)	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	High WBC count (lymphocyte predominance)	↑Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)	Bony erosions and sclerosis of the joints	Early sacroiliitis, erosions, and enthesitis	Possible cauda equina syndrome secondary to spinal stenosis in MRI	Chronic inflammation with CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and macrophages	Plain x-rays	Peripheral enthesitis, Uveitis
		Psoriatic arthritis^[12]	+	-	-	-	-	+	Scaly erythematous plaques, Guttate lesions, Lakes of pus, Erythroderma	Normal	↑	High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes	↑RF, ANA, IgA	Joint-space narrowing, Fluffy periostitis	Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of synovitis	Sacroiliitic synovitis, Enthesitis in MRI	Lack of intrasynovial Ig and RF, Greater propensity for fibrous ankylosis, osseous resorption, and heterotopic bone formation	Clinical findings	Onycholysis, Splinter hemorrhages
		Inflammatory bowel disease^[13]	+	+	-	-	+	+/-	Pyoderma gangrenosum (ulcerative colitis), Erythema nodosum (Crohn disease)	Iron deficiency anemia, Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis	↑	Mild to moderate inflammatory fluid, PMN predominance	↑RF, Antiendomysial Ab, Antitransglutaminase Ab	Bilateral sacroiliitis, Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in spine	-	Early detection of spinal and sacroiliac lesions in MRI	-	Clinical findings and history	Acute anterior uveitis
	Rheumatoid arthritis^[15]		+	-	+	+	+	-	Rheumatoid nodules	Anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	WBC count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with neutrophil predominance (60-80%)	Anti-CCP Ab, Hyperuricemia	Joint-space narrowing	Microfractures	Synovitis in MRI	Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, with angiogenesis	Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody	Rheumatoid nodules
	Crystal-induced arthritis^[9]		+	+/-	-	-	-	+	Joint erythema	Leukocytosis	↑	Needle shaped urate crystals, WBC count > 2000/µL	Urinary uric acid (>1100 mg in 24h)	Punched-out erosions or lytic areas with overhanging edges	Complementary for recognizing erosions	Tophi or edema in MRI	Large pale pink acellular areas (urate crystals), surrounded by histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells	Synovial fluid assay	Conjunctival nodules
	Systemic rheumatic illnesses	Systemic lupus erythematosus^[22]	+	-	+/-	-	-	+	Malar rash, Photosensitivity, Discoid lupus	Leukopenia, Lymphopenia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia	↑	Cell count from < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory effusions) to > 50% PMNs (inflammatory effusions)	Creatine kinase, LFT, ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Lupus anticoagulant	Periarticular osteopenia and soft-tissue swelling without erosions	Interstitial lung disease, Pneumonitis, Pulmonary emboli, Alveolar hemorrhage	Pericardial effusion, Pulmonary hypertension, Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis in echocardiography	Inflammatory infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal columnar cells	Anti-dsDNA	Rheumatoid arthritis, Serositis, Oral ulcers
		Systemic vasculitis^[23]	-	-	+/-	+	-	-	Petechia, Purpura	Anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	-	P-ANCA, C-ANCA , ANA	Soft tissue swelling with mild erosions	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Multiple microaneurysms,Hemorrhage due to focal rupture, Occlusion in angiography	Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers	Angiography	Peripheral neuropathy, Livedo reticularis
		Systemic sclerosis^[24]	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	3 phases of (1) Edematous, (2) Indurative, and (3) Atrophic	Thrombocytopenia	↑	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	Hypergammaglobulinemia, Creatine phosphokinase	Juxta-articular osteoporosis, Joint space narrowing, Frank erosions	Synovial inflammation	Synovial vascularity in doppler ultrasonography	Epidermal skin appendages atrophy, Broad and hyalinized collagen fibers in the reticular dermis	Histopathology	Raynaud phenomenon, Tendon friction rubs
		Polymyositis/dermatomyositis^[25]	-	-	+/-	-	-	+	Heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, Poikiloderma	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	Predominantly mononuclear cells and large macrophage-like cells	Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, Creatine kinase, ANA	Marginal erosions and periarticular calcification	-	-	Vacuolar changes of the columnar epithelium and lymphocytic infiltrates	Muscle biopsy	Dysphagia
		Still's disease^[26]	-	-	+/-	-	+/-	+	Mild papules and nodules	Anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes	ANA, RF	Soft tissue swelling, Osteopenia, Joint-space narrowing	Synovial inflammation	Inflamed synovium in ultrasonography	Inflammatory infiltration in synovium	Clinical findings and synovial fluid analysis	Ocular involvement
		Behçet's syndrome^[27]	+	-	-	-	-	-	Erythema nodosum	Normocytic normochromic anemia	↑	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	Serum complement levels, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51	Soft tissue swelling	Non-erosive synovitis	-	Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, Immune deposits of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and C3	Clinical findings	Oral ulcer, Mucosal erosion
		Relapsing polychondritis^[28]	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	Leukocytosis, Anemia	-	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	Cryoglobulins, ANA, C-ANCA	Tracheal stenosis in CXR	Calcification of cartilaginous structures	Aortic root dilatation and degree of aortic regurgitation in echocardiography	Chondrolysis, Chondritis, Perichondritis	Clinical findings coupled with imaging	Ear pain and redness, Polyarthritis
	Other systemic illnesses	Sarcoidosis^[14]	+	-	-	-	-	-	Mild papules and nodules	Mild anemia	↑	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	IL-2 and IFN-γ, ↑ACE, ↑1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D	Bilateral hilar adenopathy	Active alveolitis or fibrosis	Hepatosplenomegaly in ultrasonography	Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)	Histological confirmation	Heart block, Ocular lesion
		Palindromic rheumatism^[29]	+	-	-	+/-	+	-	Rheumatoid nodules	Anemia	↑	High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes	RF, Anti-CCP antibody, ↑Cr or BUN, ↑ALT or AST, ANA	Effusions in joints	Microfractures	Basilar invagination with cranial migration of an eroded odontoid peg in MRI	Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, withangiogenesis, proliferation of chronic inflammatory cells	Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody	Rheumatoid nodules
		Familial Mediterranean fever^[30]	-	+	-	-	-	-	A well-demarcated, erythematous, warm rash, particularly below the knee	Leukocytosis	↑	Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL	CRP, Amyloid A protein, Fibrinogen	Synovial effusions	Pleural effusions	Air-fluid levels in MRI	Massive amyloid infiltration of the blood vessels and endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane	Clinical findings	Abdominal pain, Severe myalgia, Scrotal attacks
		Hyperlipoproteinemias^[31]	-	-	-	-	-	-	Xanthelasma	Leukocytosis	↑	Xanthochromic fluid with mononuclear cells predominance	CRP, Hyperlipidemia	Joint space narrowing	Achilles tendon enthesitis	Retrocalcaneal bursitis and ill-defined edema in posterosuperior corner of the calcaneus	Inflammatory infiltration	Laboratory findings	Atherosclerosis
Polyarticular pain	Viral arthritis	Hepatitis B and C^[32]	-	+	+	-	-	-	Urticarial and maculopapular eruptions	Leukocytosis	↑	Cell counts < 100,000/µL	LFT, HBsAg	Joint space narrowing	-	-	Deposition of immune complexes, Cryoprecipitates containing HBsAg and complements	HBsAg	Liver failure, Icterus
		Rubella^[33]	-	+	+/-	-	-	-	Acute maculopapular rash	Leukocytosis	↑	Rubella virus antigen	LFT, CRP	Joint space narrowing	-	-	proliferation of the synovial lining cells, without inflammatory cells	Serological evidence	Headache, Malaise
		Parvovirus^[34]	+	+	+/-	-	-	-	Fifth disease/ Erythema infectiosum	Aplastic crisis	↑	Normal	ANA, RF, CRP	Joint swelling	-	-	Immune complex deposition	Parvovirus IgM antibody	Transient aplastic crisis, Fetal infection
	Fibromyalgia^[35]		-	-	-	+/-	+/-	-	Maculopapular rash	Normal	-	Normal	-	-	-	-	Mild inflammation	Clinical findings	Muscle pain
	Soft tissue abnormalities		+	-	-	-	-	+/-	Maculopapular rash	Normal	-	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	CRP, Ca	Joint swelling	Synovial edema and thickness	Mild joint effusion in ultrasonography	Mild inflammation	Clinical findings	Mucositis, Enthesitis
	Hypothyroidism^[36]		-	-	-	-	-	-	Dry and coarse skin	Anemia	-	Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts	TSH, T4, T3	Peri-articular demineralization	Destructive changes in the cartilage and bone	High-signal fluid in the joint space in MRI	Physeal growth plate with little evidence of cartilage cellular proliferation	TSH, T4, T3	Decreased DTR, Fatigue
	Neuropathic pain^[37]		-	-	-	-	-	-	Livedo reticularis	Normal	-	Normal	Hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia	-	-	-	-	Neurologic examination	Paresthesia, Dysesthesia
	Metabolic bone disease^[38]		-	-	-	-	-	-	Hyperpigmentation	Mild anemia	↑	Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory)	Vitamin D, PTH	Peri-articular demineralization	Microfractures	Subperiosteal reaction	Decrease mineralization of bone matrix	Laboratory findings	Bone pain, Constipation
	Depression^[39]		-	-	+	-	-	-	-	Normal	-	Normal	Normal	-	-	-	-	Psychological interview	Slow psychomotor, Muscle pain

References

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↑ Punzi L, Galozzi P, Luisetto R, Favero M, Ramonda R, Oliviero F; et al. (2016). "Post-traumatic arthritis: overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation". RMD Open. 2 (2): e000279. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000279. PMC 5013366. PMID 27651925.
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↑ García-De La Torre I, Nava-Zavala A (February 2009). "Gonococcal and nongonococcal arthritis". Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 35 (1): 63–73. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2009.03.001. PMID 19480997.
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↑ Watts RA, Scott DG (October 2016). "Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis". Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 30 (5): 916–931. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008. PMID 27964796.
↑ Avouac, J.; Clements, P. J.; Khanna, D.; Furst, D. E.; Allanore, Y. (2012). "Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis". Rheumatology. 51 (8): 1347–1356. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes041. ISSN 1462-0324.
↑ Briemberg HR, Amato AA (September 2003). "Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis". Curr Treat Options Neurol. 5 (5): 349–356. PMID 12895397.
↑ Kadavath S, Efthimiou P (February 2015). "Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options". Ann. Med. 47 (1): 6–14. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.971052. PMID 25613167.
↑ Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H (March 2010). "Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features". Acta Radiol. 51 (2): 183–6. doi:10.3109/02841850903401349. PMID 20121672.
↑ Emmungil H, Aydın SZ (2015). "Relapsing polychondritis". Eur J Rheumatol. 2 (4): 155–159. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036. PMC 5047229. PMID 27708954.
↑ Iyer VR, Cohen GL (February 2011). "Palindromic rheumatism". South. Med. J. 104 (2): 147–9. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc. PMID 21206416.
↑ Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A (2011). "Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever". Eurasian J Med. 43 (2): 79–82. doi:10.5152/eajm.2011.18. PMC 4261345. PMID 25610168.
↑ Soubrier, Martin; Dubost, Jean Jacques; Thiéblot, Philippe; Ristori, Jean Michel (2009). "Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia". Joint Bone Spine. 76 (1): 95–97. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009. ISSN 1297-319X.
↑ Ganem, Don; Prince, Alfred M. (2004). "Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences". New England Journal of Medicine. 350 (11): 1118–1129. doi:10.1056/NEJMra031087. ISSN 0028-4793.
↑ Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR (March 1977). "Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination". Arthritis Rheum. 20 (2): 741–7. PMID 849368.
↑ Moore TL (July 2000). "Parvovirus-associated arthritis". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 12 (4): 289–94. PMID 10910181.
↑ Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE; et al. (2012). "Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment". Pain Res Treat. 2012: 426130. doi:10.1155/2012/426130. PMC 3503476. PMID 23213512.
↑ McLean RM, Podell DN (February 1995). "Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism". Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 24 (4): 282–90. PMID 7740308.
↑ Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S (October 2013). "Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment". Pract Neurol. 13 (5): 292–307. doi:10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536. PMID 23592730.
↑ Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS (2006). "Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options". Treat Endocrinol. 5 (5): 297–318. PMID 17002489.
↑ Trivedi MH (2004). "The link between depression and physical symptoms". Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 6 (Suppl 1): 12–6. PMC 486942. PMID 16001092.

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[pmid27708954-28] Emmungil H, Aydın SZ (2015). "Relapsing polychondritis". Eur J Rheumatol. 2 (4): 155–159. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036. PMC 5047229. PMID 27708954.

[pmid21206416-29] Iyer VR, Cohen GL (February 2011). "Palindromic rheumatism". South. Med. J. 104 (2): 147–9. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc. PMID 21206416.

[pmid25610168-30] Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A (2011). "Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever". Eurasian J Med. 43 (2): 79–82. doi:10.5152/eajm.2011.18. PMC 4261345. PMID 25610168.

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[pmid849368-33] Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR (March 1977). "Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination". Arthritis Rheum. 20 (2): 741–7. PMID 849368.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 '''For patient information, click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}, {{CZ}}
 ==Overview==
+Arthritis (from Greek ''arthro-'', joint + ''-itis'', inflammation; plural: arthritides) could be defined as painful joint damage. It might be as part of a systemic disorder or a single [[joint]] involvement. Arthritis may present as joint pain ([[arthralgia]]), [[swelling]], [[erythema]], warmness, and limitation of movement. It could be classified according to the number of involved joints, presence of inflammation, or duration of symptoms. [[Osteoarthritis]] (also known as degenerative joint disease) is the most common form of arthritis in the United States which involves up to 10% of population older than 60 years. [[Inflammatory]] arthritis is common in systemic [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune disorders]], such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE) and is part of diagnostic criteria for this spectrum of diseases. Disease course in systemic disorders is usually chronic and multiple joints (polyarticular) are involved. In the other hand, infectious conditions like [[septic arthritis]] are acute in nature and they usually involve single joints (monoarticular). [[Crystal arthropathies|Crystal induced arthropathies]] may result in inflammatory joint(s) involvement, mainly are due to [[uric acid]] crystal deposition ([[gout]]) in articular space. Although, disease course and presence of other systemic manifestations are important for diagnosis but the gold standard method for diagnosis is [[Arthrocentesis|joint aspiration]], fluid analysis, and microscopic evaluation. Imaging might be helpful in certain condition to find the disease chronicity and structural changes in articular and periarticular structures. Prompt treatment is necessary specially for septic and inflammatory conditions to prevent structural joint damage and deformities.
 ==Classification==
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
 * [[Still's disease]]
 * [[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
-==Pathophysiology==
+==Differential Diagnosis==
+=== Differential Diagnosis of Monoarthritis ===
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling, [[Monoarthritis with joint swelling|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with fever, [[Monoarthritis with fever|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with weight loss, [[Monoarthritis with weight loss|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with claudication, [[Monoarthritis with claudication|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with morning stiffness, [[Monoarthritis with morning stiffness|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with local erythema, [[Monoarthritis with local erythema|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling and fever, [[Monoarthritis with joint swelling and fever|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss, [[Monoarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss|click here]]'''.''
+<small><small>
+{|
+! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Diseases
+! colspan="7" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Clinical manifestations
+! colspan="8" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Para-clinical findings
+! colspan="1" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Gold standard
+! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Additional findings
+|-
+! colspan="4" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Symptoms
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Physical examination
+|-
+! colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab Findings
+! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Imaging
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Histopathology
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Joint Swelling
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Weight loss
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Claudication
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Morning stiffness
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Local erythema
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Skin manifestation
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CBC
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ESR
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Synovial fluid
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |X-ray
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CT scan
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
+|-
+! rowspan="16" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Monoarthritis
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Osteoarthritis]]<ref name="pmid28149655">{{cite journal| author=Chen D, Shen J, Zhao W, Wang T, Han L, Hamilton JL et al.| title=Osteoarthritis: toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism. | journal=Bone Res | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 16044 | pmid=28149655 | doi=10.1038/boneres.2016.44 | pmc=5240031 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28149655  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Heberden's node|Heberden nodes]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Anemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Noninflammatory joint fluid
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Urinary [[pyridinium]] cross-links
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Joint-space loss, subchondral bony [[sclerosis]], cyst formation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Malalignment of the patellofemoral [[joint]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Early diagnosis of [[osteoarthritis]] of the hand with [[bone scan]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical findings
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Microfracture, [[bone pain]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Trauma]]<ref name="pmid27651925">{{cite journal| author=Punzi L, Galozzi P, Luisetto R, Favero M, Ramonda R, Oliviero F et al.| title=Post-traumatic arthritis: overview on pathogenic mechanisms and role of inflammation. | journal=RMD Open | year= 2016 | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= e000279 | pmid=27651925 | doi=10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000279 | pmc=5013366 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651925  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Wound]] or [[laceration]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Hemarthrosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Severe joint effusion, [[Bone fracture|fracture]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Fracture]], synovial tear
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[X-ray]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Deformity]], severe [[pain]]
+|-
+! colspan="2"  align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Neoplasms]]<ref name="pmid17915099">{{cite journal |vauthors=Askling J |title=Malignancy and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=421–6 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17915099 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Rash]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Hypercalcemia]], [[hyperphosphatemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Peri-[[articular]] [[Osteoblastic sarcoma|osteoblastic]] or [[Osteoclast|osteoclastic]] lesion
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Elevation of the [[periosteum]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intense [[radionuclide]] uptake in [[bone scan]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Spindle-shaped and atypical [[Stromal cell|stromal cells]] with irregular [[nuclei]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Clinical findings and imaging
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Pain|Nocturnal pain]], [[Pathological|pathologic fractures]]
+|-
+! rowspan="5" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Gonococcal infection]]<ref name="pmid12787521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bardin T |title=Gonococcal arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=201–8 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12787521 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Maculopapular]], [[Pustular rash|pustular]], [[vesicular]] lesions on an [[Erythematous|erythematous base]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Purulent with cell count > 50,000 [[WBC]]/µL (with PMNs > 90%)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Blood culture|Blood]] and [[Synovial fluid|synovial fluid culture]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Minor [[articular]] damage
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Dermal [[vasculitis]] with perivascular [[neutrophils]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Nucleic acid amplification technique|Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Dermatitis]], [[tenosynovitis]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Nongonococcal urethritis|Nongonococcal bacterial infections]]<ref name="pmid194809972">{{cite journal |vauthors=García-De La Torre I, Nava-Zavala A |title=Gonococcal and nongonococcal arthritis |journal=Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=63–73 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19480997 |doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2009.03.001 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Local [[erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Purulent with cell count > 50,000 [[WBC]]/µL (with PMNs > 90%)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Blood culture|Blood]] and [[Synovial fluid|synovial fluid culture]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Joint]] effusion, [[Cartilage injuries|cartilage destruction]], & joint space narrowing
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Sternoclavicular joint|Sternoclavicular]] or [[sacroiliac joint]] infections
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Periarticular [[osteomyelitis]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovial fluid]] culture
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Limp|Limping]], [[malaise]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mycobacterial infection]]<ref name="pmid16297734">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gardam M, Lim S |title=Mycobacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis |journal=Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=819–30 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16297734 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2005.07.008 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Local [[erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Moderately elevated [[WBC]] counts ([[Neutrophil|neutrophilic]] predominance), low [[glucose]], and increased [[protein]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[PPD-tuberculin skin test|PPD]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Tissue swelling,  [[bone]] destruction with normal [[joint]] space, [[osteopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Vertebral]] anterior portion collapse
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Complicated effusion with partial [[joint]] destruction and [[Erosion (dental)|erosion]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Granulomatous]] [[inflammation]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovial fluid]] culture
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Limp|Limping]], [[malaise]], [[chronic cough]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fungal infection]]<ref name="pmid1616344">{{cite journal| author=Cuéllar ML, Silveira LH, Espinoza LR| title=Fungal arthritis. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 1992 | volume= 51 | issue= 5 | pages= 690-7 | pmid=1616344 | doi= | pmc=1005712 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1616344  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Local [[eczema]], local [[erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Eosinophilia]], [[leukocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[WBC]] = 9,000-43,000/µL ([[PMNs]] predominance)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Direct [[microscopy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Joint]] effusion, [[Joint dislocation|dislocation of the joint]], [[metaphyseal]] irregularities and punched out lesions
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Articular]] erosion
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Villonodular [[synovitis]], typical [[pannus]], non-caseating [[granulomas]], spherules containing [[Coccidioides spp|coccidioidal endospores]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovial]] [[histopathology]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malaise]], [[tenderness]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999223">{{cite journal| author=Arvikar SL, Steere AC| title=Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme arthritis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 269-80 | pmid=25999223 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.004 | pmc=4443866 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999223  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[thrombocytopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Cell counts 500-98,000/µL
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Knee joint]] effusion, intra-articular [[edema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Unspecific effusion, [[synovial]] thickening or enhancement in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Fibrosis]] of the deeper [[dermis]] and hyalinization of [[collagen]] bundles
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Serological testing|Serologic tests]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+|-
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Gout]]<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Local [[swelling]] and [[erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Needle shaped [[urate]] crystals, [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Urinary [[uric acid]] (>1100 mg in 24h)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Punched-out erosions or [[lytic]] areas with overhanging edges
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Complementary for recognizing [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Tophus|Tophi]] or [[edema]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Large pale pink acellular areas ([[Uric acid|urate crystals]]), surrounded by [[histiocytes]] and [[multinucleated giant cells]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovial fluid]] microscopy
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pseudogout|Pseudo-gout]]<ref name="pmid22870500">{{cite journal| author=Macmullan P, McCarthy G| title=Treatment and management of pseudogout: insights for the clinician. | journal=Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-31 | pmid=22870500 | doi=10.1177/1759720X11432559 | pmc=3383522 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22870500  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Local [[swelling]] and [[erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rod shaped [[Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease|CPPD crystals]], [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Hypercalcemia]], [[hypercalciuria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Radiodense lines paralleling the [[articular]] surface and [[calcification]] ([[chondrocalcinosis]])
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Calcific mass with a lobulated configuration in the [[ligamentum flavum]] or the [[joint capsule]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovitis]] and [[Calcification|calcific]] deposits in [[ultrasonography]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Synovial [[Calcium pyrophosphate|calcium pyrophosphate crystals]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovial fluid]] microscopy
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Tenderness]]
+|-
+! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Systemic|Systemic disorders]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Genital]] [[ulceration]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[HLA-B27|HLA-B27 test]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Periosteal reaction]] and proliferation of [[Enthesitis|tendon insertion site]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],[[balanitis circinata]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[uveitis]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]], [[Guttate psoriasis|guttate lesions]], lack of [[pus]], [[erythroderma]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Joint-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|fluffy periostitis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, early signs of [[synovitis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig A]] and [[RF]], greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Clinical findings
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|splinter hemorrhages]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]-associated [[arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] ([[ulcerative colitis]]), [[erythema nodosum]] ([[Crohn disease]])
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]], [[leukocytosis]], [[thrombocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mild to moderate [[Inflammatory|inflammatory fluid]], [[PMN]] predominance
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑[[RF]], [[Endomysium|antiendomysial Ab]], [[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies|antitransglutaminase Ab]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Bilateral [[sacroiliitis]], syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in [[spine]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Early detection of [[Spinal stenosis|spinal]] and [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac lesions]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Clinical findings and history
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis|Sarcoid]] periarthritis<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mild [[anemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-inflammatory)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Granuloma|Non-caseating granulomas]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|ocular lesion]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[thrombocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]] predominance (60-80%)
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[hyperuricemia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Joint]] space narrowing
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovitis]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with [[angiogenesis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Clinical findings and positive [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic]] and [[leukemic]] disorders<ref name="pmid24378738">{{cite journal| author=Mekinian A, Braun T, Decaux O, Falgarone G, Toussirot E, Raffray L et al.| title=Inflammatory arthritis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicenter retrospective study and literature review of 68 cases. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2014 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-10 | pmid=24378738 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000000011 | pmc=4616329 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24378738  }}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+/-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Petechia]] and [[purpura]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[leukocytosis]], [[thrombocytopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL ([[inflammatory]]), with [[neutrophil]] predominance
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[LDH]], [[uric acid]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Articular]] surface erosion, [[synovial]] effusion
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Thickened [[synovium]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Synovitis]] in [[MRI]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Inflammatory cells]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] in [[synovial]] tissue
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Bone marrow biopsy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Fatigue]], [[nausea]], recurrent [[infections]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
+|}
+</small></small>
+=== Differential Diagnosis of Diseases That Cause Polyarthritis ===
+====Differentiating the diseases that can cause polyarthritis:====
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, [[Polyarthritis with joint swelling|click here]]'''.''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with fever, [[Polyarthritis with fever|click here]]'''.''
-==Differential Diagnosis==
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with weight loss, [[Polyarthritis with weight loss|click here]]'''.''
-<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
-'''ANA:''' [[Anti-nuclear antibody|Antinuclear antibody]], '''RF:''' [[Rheumatoid factor]], '''Anti-CCp:''' [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody]], '''Anti U1RNP:''' Anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies , '''Anti Sm :''' Anti-Sm antibodies, '''Anti Ro:''' Anti Ro antibody also called anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A antibody, '''Anti-dsDNA:''' [[Anti-dsDNA antbodies|Anti-double stranded DNA]].
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with claudication, [[Polyarthritis with claudication|click here]]'''.''
-</span>
-<small>
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with morning stiffness, [[Polyarthritis with morning stiffness|click here]]'''.''
-{| class="wikitable"
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with local erythema, [[Polyarthritis with local erythema|click here]]'''.''
-! colspan="5" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Arthritis
-! colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Auto-antibodies
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling and fever, [[Polyarthritis with joint swelling and fever|click here]]'''.''
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Raynaud phenomenon
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Rash pattern
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of polyarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss, [[Polyarthritis with joint swelling, fever, and weight loss|click here]]'''.''
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Distinguishing/specific features
+<small><small>
+{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
+! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
+| colspan="7" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
+! colspan="8" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Para-clinical findings
+| colspan="1" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Gold standard'''
+! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
+|-
+| colspan="4" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Symptoms'''
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Physical examination
+|-
+! colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab Findings
+! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Imaging
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Histopathology
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Joint Swelling
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Weight loss
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Claudication
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Morning stiffness
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Local erythema
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Skin manifestation
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CBC
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ESR
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Synovial fluid
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |X-ray
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CT scan
+! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
+|-
+! rowspan="21" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts 500-98,000/µL
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fibrosis]] of the deeper [[dermis]] and hyalinization of collagen bundles
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bacterial endocarditis]]<ref name="pmid28630844">{{cite journal| author=Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C| title=Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report. | journal=J Orthop Case Rep | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-68 | pmid=28630844 | doi=10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692 | pmc=5458702 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28630844  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Janeway lesions]], [[Osler nodes]], [[Roth spot|Roth spots]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic-normocytic anemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[WBC]], [[Staphylococcus aureus|S. aureus]] in culture
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypergammaglobulinemia|Hyperglobulinemia]], [[Cryoglobulinemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erosion (dental)|Joint erosion]] and effusion
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vegetation (pathology)|Vegetation]] or [[Abscess|intracardiac abscess]] demonstrating active [[endocarditis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]] ([[TTE]])
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Reactive arthritis|Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis]]'''
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid23703332">{{cite journal| author=Kumar RK, Tandon R| title=Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2013 | volume= 137 | issue= 4 | pages= 643-58 | pmid=23703332 | doi= | pmc=3724245 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703332  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema marginatum|Erythema marginatum rheumaticum]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-streptolysin O titer|Streptococcal antibody titer]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiomegaly]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Valvular Diseases|Valvular]] or [[pericardial calcification]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography|Echocardiographic]] changes in heart valves
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Edema]], [[Fibrinoid necrosis]], [[Mononuclear cell|Mononuclear cell infiltrate]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chorea, Carditis
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Genital]] [[ulceration]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[HLA-B27|HLA-B27 test]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Periosteal reaction]] and proliferation of [[Enthesitis|tendon insertion site]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],  [[Balanitis circinata]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Enteric Bacilli|Enteric infection]]<ref name="Hill Gaston2003">{{cite journal|last1=Hill Gaston|first1=J|title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=219–239|issn=15216942|doi=10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma]] and psoriaform lesions, [[Erythema nodosum]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stool examination|Stool exam]] and [[Stool culture|culture]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilic myelocyte|Neutrophilic]] infiltration in [[synovial]] tissues
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]] in [[synovial fluid]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dactylitis]] (sausage digit)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | High [[WBC]] count ([[lymphocyte]] predominance)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[Alkaline phosphatase|Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bony [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and [[sclerosis]] of the [[joints]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early [[sacroiliitis]], [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]], and [[enthesitis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Possible [[cauda equina syndrome]] secondary to [[spinal stenosis]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chronic [[inflammation]] with [[CD4+|CD4<sup>+</sup>]] and [[CD8+ T cells|CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],
+[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
+[[Erythroderma]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] ([[ulcerative colitis]]),  [[Erythema nodosum]] ([[Crohn disease]])
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild to moderate [[Inflammatory|inflammatory fluid]], [[PMN]] predominance
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[Endomysium|Antiendomysial Ab]],  [[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies|Antitransglutaminase Ab]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[sacroiliitis]], Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in [[spine]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early detection of [[Spinal stenosis|spinal]] and [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac lesions]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and history
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[WBC]] count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with [[neutrophil]] predominance (60-80%)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP Ab]], [[Hyperuricemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with  [[angiogenesis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint [[erythema]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Needle shaped [[urate]] crystals, [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Urinary [[uric acid]] (>1100 mg in 24h)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Punched-out erosions or [[lytic]] areas with overhanging edges
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Complementary for recognizing [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tophus|Tophi]] or [[edema]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Large pale pink acellular areas ([[Uric acid|urate crystals]]), surrounded by [[histiocytes]] and [[multinucleated giant cells]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial fluid]] assay
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
+|-
+! rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid16722594">{{cite journal| author=Manson JJ, Rahman A| title=Systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 1 | issue=  | pages= 6 | pmid=16722594 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-6 | pmc=1459118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16722594  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Malar rash]], [[Photosensitivity]], [[Discoid lupus]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphopenia]], [[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count from < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]] effusions) to > 50% [[PMNs]] ([[inflammatory]] effusions)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Creatine kinase]], [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[ANA]], [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]], [[Anti-SM antibody|Anti-Sm]], [[Lupus anticoagulant]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Periarticular [[osteopenia]] and [[Soft tissue injury|soft-tissue swelling]] without [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Pneumonitis]], [[Pulmonary emboli]], [[Alveolar Cyst Disease|Alveolar hemorrhage]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Libman-Sacks endocarditis|Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal [[Columnar epithelium|columnar cells]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Serositis]], [[Oral ulcers]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid27964796">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watts RA, Scott DG |title=Vasculitis and inflammatory arthritis |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=916–931 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27964796 |doi=10.1016/j.berh.2016.10.008 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Petechia]], [[Purpura]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[P-ANCA]], [[C-ANCA]][[ANA|, ANA]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Soft tissue pathology|Soft tissue swelling]] with mild [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],[[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]] in [[angiography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="AvouacClements2012">{{cite journal|last1=Avouac|first1=J.|last2=Clements|first2=P. J.|last3=Khanna|first3=D.|last4=Furst|first4=D. E.|last5=Allanore|first5=Y.|title=Articular involvement in systemic sclerosis|journal=Rheumatology|volume=51|issue=8|year=2012|pages=1347–1356|issn=1462-0324|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kes041}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |3 phases of (1) [[Edema|Edematous]], (2) [[Induration|Indurative]], and (3) [[Atrophic]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hypergammaglobulinemia]],
+[[Creatine phosphokinase]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Juxta-[[articular]] [[osteoporosis]], Joint space narrowing, Frank [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[vascularity]] in [[doppler ultrasonography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Epidermal]] [[skin appendages]] [[atrophy]], Broad and hyalinized [[collagen]] fibers in the [[reticular dermis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Raynaud phenomenon]], [[Tendon]] [[Friction rub|friction rubs]]
+|-
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymyositis]]/[[dermatomyositis]]<ref name="pmid12895397">{{cite journal |vauthors=Briemberg HR, Amato AA |title=Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis |journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=349–356 |date=September 2003 |pmid=12895397 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heliotropism|Heliotrope rash]], [[Dermatomyositis|Gottron papules]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|Poikiloderma]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Predominantly [[mononuclear cells]] and large macrophage-like cells
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, [[Creatine kinase]], [[ANA]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Marginal [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]] and periarticular [[calcification]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Vacuolar changes of the [[columnar epithelium]] and [[lymphocytic]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrates]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle biopsy]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Dysphagia]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Polyarthritis
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Still's disease]]<ref name="pmid25613167">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadavath S, Efthimiou P |title=Adult-onset Still's disease-pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and new treatment options |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=6–14 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25613167 |doi=10.3109/07853890.2014.971052 |url=}}</ref>
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Tenderness
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Edema
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Deformity /Erosion
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pattern
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ANA
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |RF
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Anti-CCp
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Anti U1RNP
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Anti Sm
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Anti Ro
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
-! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Anti-dsDNA
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[ANA]], [[RF]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling,
+[[Osteopenia]],
+Joint-space narrowing
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Inflamed [[synovium]] in [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] in [[synovium]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and [[synovial fluid]] analysis
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Behçet's disease]]
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Behçet's disease|Behçet's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid20121672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H |title=Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features |journal=Acta Radiol |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=183–6 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20121672 |doi=10.3109/02841850903401349 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Medium and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema nodosum]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[Human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
-|
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
-|Recurrent and usually painful [[mucocutaneous]] ulcers, [[Acneiform eruption|acneiform]] [[lesions]], papulo-vesiculo-[[Pustular rash|pustular]] eruptions, superficial [[thrombophlebitis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|Male dominancy
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[Immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[Mucosal]] erosion
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid25074031">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ehmke TA, Cherian JJ, Wu ES, Jauregui JJ, Banerjee S, Mont MA |title=Treatment of osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review |journal=Curr Rheumatol Rep |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=441 |year=2014 |pmid=25074031 |doi=10.1007/s11926-014-0441-8 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Small joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cryoglobulins]], [[ANA]], [[C-ANCA]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tracheal stenosis]] in [[CXR]]
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
-|[[Malar rash]] and [[photosensitivity]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
-|
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[Chondritis]], Perichondritis
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness, [[Polyarthritis]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]  ([[Rheumatoid arthritis|RA]])<ref name="pmid11567728">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee DM, Weinblatt ME |title=Rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Lancet |volume=358 |issue=9285 |pages=903–11 |year=2001 |pmid=11567728 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06075-5 |url=}}</ref>
+! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Small and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
-|[[Subcutaneous]] [[nodules]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
-|Erosive [[arthropathy]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rhupus<ref name="pmid3382309">{{cite journal |vauthors=Panush RS, Edwards NL, Longley S, Webster E |title='Rhupus' syndrome |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=148 |issue=7 |pages=1633–6 |year=1988 |pmid=3382309 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" |Small and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[RF]], [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP antibody]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
-| align="center" |↑
-| align="center" | +
+↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[ANA]]
-|[[Malar rash]] and [[photosensitivity]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint (anatomy)|Effusions in joints]]
-|Erosive [[arthropathy]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Basilar invagination with [[cranial]] migration of an eroded [[Odontoid process|odontoid]] peg in [[MRI]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with[[angiogenesis]], proliferation of chronic [[inflammatory cells]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mixed connective tissue disease]] (MCTD)<ref name="pmid21959290">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cappelli S, Bellando Randone S, Martinović D, Tamas MM, Pasalić K, Allanore Y, Mosca M, Talarico R, Opris D, Kiss CG, Tausche AK, Cardarelli S, Riccieri V, Koneva O, Cuomo G, Becker MO, Sulli A, Guiducci S, Radić M, Bombardieri S, Aringer M, Cozzi F, Valesini G, Ananyeva L, Valentini G, Riemekasten G, Cutolo M, Ionescu R, Czirják L, Damjanov N, Rednic S, Matucci Cerinic M |title="To be or not to be," ten years after: evidence for mixed connective tissue disease as a distinct entity |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=589–98 |year=2012 |pmid=21959290 |doi=10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.07.010 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial mediterranean fever|Familial Mediterranean fever]]<ref name="pmid25610168">{{cite journal| author=Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A| title=Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. | journal=Eurasian J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=25610168 | doi=10.5152/eajm.2011.18 | pmc=4261345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610168  }}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Small and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |A well-demarcated, [[erythematous]], warm [[rash]], particularly below the [[knee]]
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Amyloid bodies|Amyloid A protein]], [[Fibrinogen]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation|Synovial effusions]]
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleural effusions]]
-|Cutaneous eruptions, [[Gottron's papules|gottron’s papules]], photodistributed [[erythema]], [[Poikiloderma of civatte|poikiloderma]], and [[calcinosis cutis]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Air-fluid levels in [[MRI]]
-|Overlapping features of SLE, [[systemic sclerosis]] (SSc), and [[polymyositis]] (PM) that lead to more than one diagnosis
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Massive [[amyloid]] infiltration of the [[blood vessels]] and [[endothelial]] side of the [[glomerular basement membrane]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Undifferentiated connective tissue disease]] (UCTD)<ref name="pmid1757934">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alarcón GS, Williams GV, Singer JZ, Steen VD, Clegg DO, Paulus HE, Billingsley LM, Luggen ME, Polisson RP, Willkens RF |title=Early undifferentiated connective tissue disease. I. Early clinical manifestation in a large cohort of patients with undifferentiated connective tissue diseases compared with cohorts of well established connective tissue disease |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=1332–9 |year=1991 |pmid=1757934 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Lower extremity
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthelasma]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthochromic]] fluid with [[mononuclear cells]] predominance
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Hyperlipidemia (patient information)|Hyperlipidemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Achilles tendon]] [[enthesitis]]
-|[[Erythematous]] [[macules]], patches, or [[papules]] with delicate scale
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Retrocalcaneal bursitis]] and ill-defined [[edema]] in posterosuperior corner of the [[calcaneus]]
-|Multiple connective tissue diseases with no enough criteria for a single diagnosis
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltration
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Atherosclerosis]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Systemic sclerosis]] (SSc)<ref name="pmid3361530">{{cite journal |vauthors=LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, Jablonska S, Krieg T, Medsger TA, Rowell N, Wollheim F |title=Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=202–5 |year=1988 |pmid=3361530 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |Lower extremity
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |↑↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Urticaria|Urticarial]] and [[maculopapular]] [[Eruption|eruptions]]
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts < 100,000/µL
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[LFTs|LFT]], [[HBsAg]]
-|[[Hyperkeratosis]], [[edema]], and [[erythema]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
-|[[Sclerodactyly]], [[Telangiectasias]], [[Calcinosis]], [[Malignant hypertension]], [[acute renal failure]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Deposition of [[immune complexes]], [[Cryoprecipitate|Cryoprecipitates]] containing [[HBsAg]] and [[Complement|complements]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[HBsAg]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Liver failure]], [[Jaundice|Icterus]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sjögren’s syndrome]]<ref name="pmid15485020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roguedas AM, Misery L, Sassolas B, Le Masson G, Pennec YL, Youinou P |title=Cutaneous manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome are underestimated |journal=Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=632–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15485020 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rubella]]'''<ref name="pmid849368">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spruance SL, Metcalf R, Smith CB, Griffiths MM, Ward JR |title=Chronic arthropathy associated with rubella vaccination |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=741–7 |date=March 1977 |pmid=849368 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |[[Lower extremity]], axiallary creases
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute [[maculopapular rash]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rubella virus|Rubella virus  antigen]]
-| align="center" |↑
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[LFTs|LFT]], [[CRP]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|[[Xerosis]], scaly skin, annular [[erythema]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |proliferation of the [[Synovial membrane|synovial lining cells]], without [[Inflammatory cells|inflammatory]]
-|[[Keratoconjunctivitis sicca]]
+[[Inflammatory cells|cells]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Serological testing|Serological evidence]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Headache]], [[Malaise]]
 |-
-| rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Vasculitis
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Parvovirus]]'''<ref name="pmid10910181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moore TL |title=Parvovirus-associated arthritis |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=289–94 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10910181 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Giant cell]]<ref name="pmid17031245">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bablekos GD, Michaelides SA, Karachalios GN, Nicolaou IN, Batistatou AK, Charalabopoulos KA |title=Pericardial involvement as an atypical manifestation of giant cell arteritis: report of a clinical case and literature review |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=332 |issue=4 |pages=198–204 |year=2006 |pmid=17031245 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Distal extremity
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fifth disease]]/ [[Erythema infectiosum]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aplastic crisis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[ANA]], [[RF]], [[CRP]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| rowspan="3" align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|Rare
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Immune complex|Immune complex deposition]]
-|Involvement of cranial branches of arteries, visual loss
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
 |-
-| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Takayasu's arteritis|Takayasu]]<ref name="pmid12655">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lupi-Herrera E, Sánchez-Torres G, Marcushamer J, Mispireta J, Horwitz S, Vela JE |title=Takayasu's arteritis. Clinical study of 107 cases |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=94–103 |year=1977 |pmid=12655 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | +/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" |Transient extremity
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|[[Erythema nodosum]], [[pyoderma gangrenosum]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|Absent or weak peripheral pulse
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle pain]]
 |-
-| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa|Poly-arteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid20112401">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pagnoux C, Seror R, Henegar C, Mahr A, Cohen P, Le Guern V, Bienvenu B, Mouthon L, Guillevin L |title=Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=616–26 |year=2010 |pmid=20112401 |doi=10.1002/art.27240 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Soft tissue abnormalities
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
-| align="center" | +/-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |General and mild
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Ca]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
-|[[Tenderness|Tender]] [[Erythematous rash|erythematous nodules]], [[purpura]], [[livedo reticularis]], [[bullous]] or [[Vesicular|vesicular eruption]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[edema]] and thickness
-|[[Testicular pain]] or [[tenderness]] and [[neuropathies]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild joint effusion in [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[Enthesitis]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kikuchi's Disease|Kikuchi’s disease]]<ref name="pmid16538388">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kucukardali Y, Solmazgul E, Kunter E, Oncul O, Yildirim S, Kaplan M |title=Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: analysis of 244 cases |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=50–4 |year=2007 |pmid=16538388 |doi=10.1007/s10067-006-0230-5 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |medium and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |↑/↓
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dry and coarse [[skin]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Destructive changes in the [[cartilage]] and [[bone]]
-|Transient skin [[rashes]], [[malar rash]], [[Macule|erythematous macules]], patches, [[papules]], or [[plaques]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High-signal fluid in the [[joint]] space in [[MRI]]
-|May be associated with SLE
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[Fatigue]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Serum sickness]]<ref name="pmid3564980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kunnamo I, Kallio P, Pelkonen P, Viander M |title=Serum-sickness-like disease is a common cause of acute arthritis in children |journal=Acta Paediatr Scand |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=964–9 |year=1986 |pmid=3564980 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" | +
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |General
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Livedo reticularis]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|[[Pruritic disorders|Pruritic rash]], [[urticaria]] and/or serpiginous [[Rash|macular rash]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-|Self-limited
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[Dysesthesia]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid8076388">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oriente P, Biondi-Oriente C, Scarpa R |title=Psoriatic arthritis. Clinical manifestations |journal=Baillieres Clin Rheumatol |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=277–94 |year=1994 |pmid=8076388 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" |Small and large joints
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperpigmentation]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vitamin D]], [[PTH]]
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
-| align="center" | -
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fracture|Microfractures]]
-|[[Psoriasis]] and [[onychodystrophy]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Subperiosteal|Subperiosteal reaction]]
-|[[Dactylitis]] (sausage digits)
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[Constipation]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychological analysis|Psychological interview]]
+! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Psychomotor retardation|Slow psychomotor]], [[Muscle pain]]
 |-
-| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parvovirus B19|Human parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid17384979">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaufmann J, Buccola JM, Stead W, Rowley C, Wong M, Bates CK |title=Secondary symptomatic parvovirus B19 infection in a healthy adult |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=877–8 |year=2007 |pmid=17384979 |pmc=2219874 |doi=10.1007/s11606-007-0173-9 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" |Small joints
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-| align="center" | -
-|[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous rashes]]
-|Rare in adults, [[Fifth disease|fifth's disease]] in children
 |}
-</small>
+</small></small>
+==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Rheumatology]]
 ==References==

Arthritis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:59, 10 August 2018

Overview

Classification

Primary Forms of Arthritis:

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Monoarthritis

Differential Diagnosis of Diseases That Cause Polyarthritis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause polyarthritis:

References

References

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