Arnold-Chiari malformation physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation usually appear . | *Patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation usually appear.<ref name="DysteMenezes1989">{{cite journal|last1=Dyste|first1=Gregg N.|last2=Menezes|first2=Arnold H.|last3=VanGilder|first3=John C.|title=Symptomatic Chiari malformations|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=71|issue=2|year=1989|pages=159–168|issn=0022-3085|doi=10.3171/jns.1989.71.2.0159}}</ref><ref name="BellCharney1987">{{cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=William O.|last2=Charney|first2=Edward B.|last3=Bruce|first3=Derek A.|last4=Sutton|first4=Leslie N.|last5=Schut|first5=Luis|title=Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation: review of experience with 22 cases|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery|volume=66|issue=6|year=1987|pages=812–816|issn=0022-3085|doi=10.3171/jns.1987.66.6.0812}}</ref><ref name="PapasozomenosRoessmann1981">{{cite journal|last1=Papasozomenos|first1=S.|last2=Roessmann|first2=U.|title=Respiratory distress and Arnold-Chiari malformation|journal=Neurology|volume=31|issue=1|year=1981|pages=97–97|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/WNL.31.1.97}}</ref> | ||
===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
Revision as of 15:29, 18 September 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Patients with Arnold Chiari malformation usually appear normal. Physical examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually remarkable for impaired coordination, sensory/ motor deficit, abnormal gait, nystagmus, scoliosis, and autonomic dysfunction.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
Vital Signs
- Tachycardia
- bradypnea
- High blood pressure
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
HEENT
- Impaired gag reflex
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
Back
- Scoliosis
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with Arnold Chiari malformation is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
- Muscle rigidity
- Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
- Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
- Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity
- Abnormal gait
- Unilateral/bilateral tremor
- Dysmetria
Extremities
- Muscle atrophy
- Gait/ balance problem
- Impaired coordination
Eye
- Nystagmus (irregular eye movements) may be present.
- Pupillary dilatation
Neurologic
- Impaired gag reflex
- Impaired coordination
References
- ↑ Dyste, Gregg N.; Menezes, Arnold H.; VanGilder, John C. (1989). "Symptomatic Chiari malformations". Journal of Neurosurgery. 71 (2): 159–168. doi:10.3171/jns.1989.71.2.0159. ISSN 0022-3085.
- ↑ Bell, William O.; Charney, Edward B.; Bruce, Derek A.; Sutton, Leslie N.; Schut, Luis (1987). "Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation: review of experience with 22 cases". Journal of Neurosurgery. 66 (6): 812–816. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.66.6.0812. ISSN 0022-3085.
- ↑ Papasozomenos, S.; Roessmann, U. (1981). "Respiratory distress and Arnold-Chiari malformation". Neurology. 31 (1): 97–97. doi:10.1212/WNL.31.1.97. ISSN 0028-3878.