Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Aortic Regurgitation Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Pesrpective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Stages

Differentiating Aortic Regurgitation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Cardiac Stress Test

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

Cardiac MRI

Treatment

Acute Aortic regurgitation

Medical Therapy
Surgery

Chronic Aortic regurgitation

Medical Therapy
Surgery

Precautions and Prophylaxis

Special Scenarios

Pregnancy
Elderly
Young Adults
End-stage Renal Disease

Case Studies

Case #1

Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Aortic regurgitation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S., Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S., Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]

Overview

The prevalence of aortic regurgitation varies with age, geographic location, and gender[1]. Aortic insufficiency is unusual before the age of 50 and then increases progressively later in life. Worldwide the most common cause of aortic insufficiency is rheumatic heart disease, particularly in Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa[2]. In the United States, senile degenerative calcific aortic valve disease and bicuspid aortic valve disease are the most common causes.

Prevalence

The prevalence of aortic insufficiency increases with age and is more common in men than in women[1][3][4][5].

In the Framingham Heart population cohort study, aortic regurgitation (more than or equal to trace severity on echocardiography) was observed in 13 percent of men and 8.5 percent of women[1]. AR is infrequent in young patients, and occurs in < 1% of subjects under the age of 70.

Developing Countries

In developing countries, rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause of aortic insufficiency and may present in second or third decade of life.

Developed Countries

In developed countries where rheumatic heart disease is rare, aortic insufficiency may be due to bi-cuspid aortic valve disease or degenerative disease which may present in the fourth to sixth decade. Endocarditis and aortic dissection are other causes. The prevalence of aortic insufficiency in the Framingham study was reported to be 4.9%, with regurgitation of moderate or greater severity occurring in 0.5%[1].

Race

The prevalence of aortic insufficiency does not show any variation by race in United States. However, internationally there is significant variation in the prevalence of predisposing conditions such as rheumatic heart disease which is more common in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa [6][7].

Gender

The prevalence of aortic insufficiency is higher in men than in women. Aortic insufficiency was found in 13% of men versus 8.5% of women in Framingham study. The higher prevalence of marfan syndrome and bicuspid aortic valve in males could explain in part the greater prevalence of aortic insufficiency in men [1][8][9].

Age

The prevalence and severity of AR increases with age, with a higher prevalence of chronic severe aortic insufficiency among patients over 70 years of age. However people with congenital aortic valve/root defects such as bicuspid aortic valve disease and Marfan syndrome develop aortic insufficiency much earlier in life [1][9][8].

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, Larson MG, Freed LA, Fuller DL, Lehman B, Benjamin EJ (1999). "Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study)". The American Journal of Cardiology. 83 (6): 897–902. PMID 10190406. Retrieved 2011-12-27. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Feldman T. Rheumatic heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. Mar 1996;11(2):126-30.
  3. Lebowitz NE, Bella JN, Roman MJ, Liu JE, Fishman DP, Paranicas M, Lee ET, Fabsitz RR, Welty TK, Howard BV, Devereux RB (2000). "Prevalence and correlates of aortic regurgitation in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 36 (2): 461–7. PMID 10933358. Retrieved 2011-03-02. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Mullany CJ, Bailey KR, Seward JB (1997). "Optimizing timing of surgical correction in patients with severe aortic regurgitation: role of symptoms". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 30 (3): 746–52. PMID 9283535. Retrieved 2011-03-02. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, Bailey KR, Seward JB, Tajik AJ (1999). "Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice. A long-term follow-up study". Circulation. 99 (14): 1851–7. PMID 10199882. Retrieved 2011-03-02. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Feldman T (1996). "Rheumatic heart disease". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 11 (2): 126–30. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. Seckeler MD, Hoke TR (2011). "The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease". Clinical Epidemiology. 3: 67–84. doi:10.2147/CLEP.S12977. PMC 3046187. PMID 21386976. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. 8.0 8.1 Keane MG, Pyeritz RE (2008). "Medical management of Marfan syndrome". Circulation. 117 (21): 2802–13. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.693523. PMID 18506019. Retrieved 2011-04-13. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. 9.0 9.1 Ortiz JT, Shin DD, Rajamannan NM (2006). "Approach to the patient with bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aorta aneurysm". Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine. 8 (6): 461–7. PMID 17078910. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)

Template:WH Template:WS