Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

Among the causes of mortality were infection, sudden cardiac arrest, severe respiratory distress, refractory status epilepticus, tumor growth, and discontinuation of life-sustaining treatment.

Prognosis

First-line immunotherapy led to an improvement in 53% during the first 4 weeks of treatment, with 97% of this "improved" group exhibiting a statistically significant improvement positive result at 24 months. The 47% of patients who did not improve with first-line therapy and who received second-line therapy had better results than those who received only first-line therapy or no further immunotherapy (Barry et al., 2015). In addition to early detection and treatment, other positive prognostic variables include fewer severe symptoms and, if present, excision of the tumor.