Anthrax other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Important studies for the diagnosis and monitoring of anthrax patients include the PCR test for the confirmation of the virulence of the organism; lumbar puncture, when not contraindicated for search of the organism in the CSF, helping to exclude other diagnoses; EKG and echocardiogram to evaluate possible complications such as the atrial fibrillation and rule out pericardial effusion; along with other imaging studies to evaluate necrosis and/or inflammation.
Diagnostic Studies
Other studies to diagnose and monitor Anthrax infection and its potential complications include:[1][2]
| Test | Initial Findings | Serial Monitoring |
|---|---|---|
| PCR | Confirms virulence of organism by search for virulence factor genes Primers to the toxin gene Primer for the enzyme of capsule formation gene | |
| Lumbar puncture | At admission unless contraindicated | Headache Confusion Other neurologic symptom If meningitis, meningeal signs will only be present at a later stage |
| Other imaging | As relevant to site of exposure Evaluate edema Evaluate inflammation Evaluate necrosis |
For headache, confusion or other neurologic symptom If meningitis, meningeal signs will only be present at a later stage |
| EKG | Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response | |
| Echocardiogram | Evaluate for pericardial effusion Evaluate for myocardial dysfunction | |
References
- ↑ Hendricks, Katherine A.; Wright, Mary E.; Shadomy, Sean V.; Bradley, John S.; Morrow, Meredith G.; Pavia, Andy T.; Rubinstein, Ethan; Holty, Jon-Erik C.; Messonnier, Nancy E.; Smith, Theresa L.; Pesik, Nicki; Treadwell, Tracee A.; Bower, William A. (2014). "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Expert Panel Meetings on Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax in Adults". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (2). doi:10.3201/eid2002.130687. ISSN 1080-6040.
- ↑ "Anthrax in Humans and Animals" (PDF).