Anorexia nervosa physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Physical Examination
- Extreme weight loss
- Stunted growth
- Endocrine disorder, leading to cessation of periods in girls (amenorrhea)
- Decreased libido; impotence in males
- Starvation symptoms, such as reduced metabolism, slow heart rate (bradycardia), hypotension, hypothermia and anemia
- Growth of lanugo hair over the body
- Abnormalities of mineral and electrolyte levels in the body
- Zinc deficiency
- Often a reduction in white blood cell count
- Reduced immune system function
- Body mass index less than 17.5 in adults, or 85% of expected weight in children
- Possibly with pallid complexion and sunken eyes
- Creaking joints and bones
- Tooth decay
- Collection of fluid in ankles during the day and around eyes during the night
- Constipation
- Very dry/chapped lips due to malnutrition
- Poor circulation, resulting in common attacks of 'pins and needles' and purple extremities
- In cases of extreme weight loss, there can be nerve deterioration, leading to difficulty in moving the feet
- Headaches, due to malnutrition
- Thinning of the hair
- Nails become more brittle
- Constantly feeling "cold"
- Bruise easily
- Dry skin
Behavioral
- Excessive exercise, food restriction
- Fainting
- Secretive about eating or exercise behavior
- Possible self-harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
- Very sensitive to references about body weight
- Become very aggressive when forced to eat "forbidden" foods