Angioedema (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{Angioedema (patient information)}} | {{Angioedema (patient information)}} | ||
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Angioedema|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Angioedema|here]]''' | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]][mailto:msbeih@ | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]][mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Angioedema is a swelling, similar to hives, but the swelling is beneath the skin rather than on the surface. Hives are often called welts. They are a surface swelling. It is also possible to have angioedema without hives. | [[Angioedema]] is a [[swelling]], similar to [[hives]], but the [[swelling]] is beneath the skin rather than on the surface. [[Hives]] are often called welts. They are a surface [[swelling]]. It is also possible to have angioedema without [[hives]]. | ||
==What are the symptoms of Angioedema?== | ==What are the symptoms of Angioedema?== | ||
The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. You may also develop welts or swelling on the surface of your skin. | The main [[symptom]] is sudden [[swelling]] below the [[skin]] surface. You may also develop welts or [[swelling]] on the surface of your skin. The [[swelling]] usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The [[swelling]] may form a line or be more spread out. The welts are [[pain]]ful and may be itchy. They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper [[swelling]] of angioedema may also be painful. | ||
Other [[symptom]]s may include: | |||
*[[Abdominal]] cramping. | |||
*Breathing difficulty. | |||
*Swollen eyes and mouth. | |||
Other | *Swollen lining of the eyes ([[chemosis]]). | ||
*Abdominal cramping | |||
*Breathing difficulty | |||
*Swollen eyes and mouth | |||
*Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis) | |||
==What causes Angioedema?== | ==What causes Angioedema?== | ||
Angioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen. | Angioedema may be caused by an [[allergic]] reaction. During the reaction, [[histamine]] and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases [[histamine]] when the [[immune system]] detects a foreign substance called an [[allergen]]. | ||
In many cases, the cause of angioedema is never found. | In many cases, the cause of angioedema is never found. | ||
The following may cause angioedema: | |||
*Animal dander (scales of shed skin). | |||
*Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heat. | |||
*Foods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and others). | |||
*[[Insect bite]]s. | |||
*Medications (drug [[allergy]]), such as [[antibiotic]]s ([[penicillin]] and [[sulfa drugs]]), [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ]]([[NSAIDs]]), and [[blood pressure]] medicines ([[ACE inhibitors]]). | |||
*Pollen. | |||
[[Hives]] and angioedema may also occur after [[infection]]s or with other illnesses (including [[autoimmune disorder]]s such as [[lupus]], and [[leukemia]] and [[lymphoma]]). | |||
A form of angioedema runs in families and has different triggers, [[complication]]s, and treatments. This is called [[hereditary]] angioedema, and it is not discussed in this article. | |||
==Who is at highest risk?== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
The doctor will look at your skin and ask you if you have been exposed to any irritating substances. A physical exam might reveal abnormal sounds ([[stridor]]) when you breathe in if the throat is affected. | |||
Rarely, the health care provider may perform blood tests or [[allergy test]]ing. | |||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
Call your health care provider if: | Call your health care provider if: | ||
Angioedema does not respond to treatment | *Angioedema does not respond to treatment | ||
It is severe | *It is severe | ||
You have never had angioedema before | *You have never had angioedema before | ||
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: | Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: | ||
Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor) | *Abnormal breathing sounds ([[stridor]]) | ||
Difficulty breathing | *[[Difficulty breathing]] | ||
Fainting | *[[Fainting]] | ||
Wheezing | *[[Wheezing]] | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
Mild | Mild [[symptom]]s may not need treatment. Moderate to severe [[symptom]]s may need treatment. Breathing difficulty is an emergency condition. Cool compresses or soaks can provide [[pain]] relief. | ||
Medications used to treat angioedema include: | |||
*[[Antihistamines]]. | |||
*[[Anti-inflammatory medication]] ([[corticosteroids]]). | |||
*[[Epinephrine]]. | |||
*[[Ranitidine]] (Zantac). | |||
*[[Terbutaline]] (a [[bronchodilator]]). | |||
At the hospital, a tube may be placed in the throat to keep the [[airway]] open if the person has trouble breathing, seek immediate medical help. | |||
====Medications to avoid==== | |||
{{MedCondContrPI | |||
|MedCond = angioedema|Benazepril|Captopril|Quinapril|Ramipril|Trandolapril|Enalapril maleate|Lisinopril}} | |||
==Where to find medical care for Angioedema?== | ==Where to find medical care for Angioedema?== | ||
| Line 82: | Line 79: | ||
==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
Anaphylactic reaction | *[[Anaphylactic reaction]]. | ||
Life-threatening airway blockage (if swelling occurs in the throat) | *Life-threatening airway blockage (if [[swelling]] occurs in the throat). | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
To prevent angioedema from coming back: | To prevent angioedema from coming back: | ||
Avoid irritating the affected area. | *Avoid irritating the affected area. | ||
Stay away from known | *Stay away from known [[allergen]]s. | ||
Never take medications that are not prescribed for you. | Never take medications that are not prescribed for you. | ||
| Line 95: | Line 92: | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000846.htm | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000846.htm | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Allergology]] | [[Category:Allergology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Patient information]] | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Immunology]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:52, 17 June 2016
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Angioedema |
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Angioedema On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.[2]
Overview
Angioedema is a swelling, similar to hives, but the swelling is beneath the skin rather than on the surface. Hives are often called welts. They are a surface swelling. It is also possible to have angioedema without hives.
What are the symptoms of Angioedema?
The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. You may also develop welts or swelling on the surface of your skin. The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. The welts are painful and may be itchy. They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful.
Other symptoms may include:
- Abdominal cramping.
- Breathing difficulty.
- Swollen eyes and mouth.
- Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis).
What causes Angioedema?
Angioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen.
In many cases, the cause of angioedema is never found. The following may cause angioedema:
- Animal dander (scales of shed skin).
- Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heat.
- Foods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, and others).
- Insect bites.
- Medications (drug allergy), such as antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors).
- Pollen.
Hives and angioedema may also occur after infections or with other illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, and leukemia and lymphoma). A form of angioedema runs in families and has different triggers, complications, and treatments. This is called hereditary angioedema, and it is not discussed in this article.
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
The doctor will look at your skin and ask you if you have been exposed to any irritating substances. A physical exam might reveal abnormal sounds (stridor) when you breathe in if the throat is affected.
Rarely, the health care provider may perform blood tests or allergy testing.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if:
- Angioedema does not respond to treatment
- It is severe
- You have never had angioedema before
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:
- Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor)
- Difficulty breathing
- Fainting
- Wheezing
Treatment options
Mild symptoms may not need treatment. Moderate to severe symptoms may need treatment. Breathing difficulty is an emergency condition. Cool compresses or soaks can provide pain relief.
Medications used to treat angioedema include:
- Antihistamines.
- Anti-inflammatory medication (corticosteroids).
- Epinephrine.
- Ranitidine (Zantac).
- Terbutaline (a bronchodilator).
At the hospital, a tube may be placed in the throat to keep the airway open if the person has trouble breathing, seek immediate medical help.
Medications to avoid
Patients diagnosed with angioedema should avoid using the following medications:
- Benazepril
- Captopril
- Quinapril
- Ramipril
- Trandolapril
- Enalapril maleate
- Lisinopril
If you have been diagnosed with angioedema, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications.
Where to find medical care for Angioedema?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Angioedema
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable, but is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.
Possible complications
- Anaphylactic reaction.
- Life-threatening airway blockage (if swelling occurs in the throat).
Prevention
To prevent angioedema from coming back:
- Avoid irritating the affected area.
- Stay away from known allergens.
Never take medications that are not prescribed for you.