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==Overview== | |||
Richard Semon in 1904 described that experiences cause some changes in the [[neurons]] and these changes are referred to as ''engram'' and they form [[memory]] of the particular experience in those [[neurons]]. Reactivation of these [[neurons]] occur when [[patient]] tries to recall those [[memories]]. Theodule-Armand Ribot, a [[French]] [[psychologist]] determined that [[memory]] loss affects recent [[memories]] first. [[Memories]] are lost in reverse order of their [[development]]. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
The | *Richard Semon in 1904 described that experiences cause some changes in the [[neurons]] and these changes are referred to as ''engram'' and they form [[memory]] of the particular experience in those [[neurons]]. Reactivation of these [[neurons]] occur when [[patient]] tries to recall those [[memories]].<ref>Semon R. (1904). Die mneme [The mneme]. Edited by W. Engelmann. Leipzig</ref> | ||
*Theodule-Armand Ribot, a [[French]] [[psychologist]] determined that [[memory]] loss affects recent [[memories]] first. [[Memories]] are lost in reverse order of their [[development]].<ref name="pmid29589321">{{cite journal| author=Clark RE| title=A History and Overview of the Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory. | journal=Curr Top Behav Neurosci | year= 2018 | volume= 37 | issue= | pages= 1-11 | pmid=29589321 | doi=10.1007/7854_2017_482 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29589321 }} </ref> | |||
*In 1763, Sauvages recognized amnesia as a [[medical]] [[disorder]].<ref name="pmid31220849">{{cite journal| author=Langer KG| title=Early History of Amnesia. | journal=Front Neurol Neurosci | year= 2019 | volume= 44 | issue= | pages= 64-74 | pmid=31220849 | doi=10.1159/000494953 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31220849 }} </ref> | |||
*In early 19th century [[clinical]] description of amnesia was identified.<ref name="pmid31220849">{{cite journal| author=Langer KG| title=Early History of Amnesia. | journal=Front Neurol Neurosci | year= 2019 | volume= 44 | issue= | pages= 64-74 | pmid=31220849 | doi=10.1159/000494953 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31220849 }} </ref> | |||
*Caroline Miles and Henri & Henri first described [[infantile amnesia]] in 1893 and 1895,respectively. It was further explained by Sigmund Freud in 1953.<ref name="pmid28615475">{{cite journal| author=Alberini CM, Travaglia A| title=Infantile Amnesia: A Critical Period of Learning to Learn and Remember. | journal=J Neurosci | year= 2017 | volume= 37 | issue= 24 | pages= 5783-5795 | pmid=28615475 | doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0324-17.2017 | pmc=5473198 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28615475 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Alzheimer's disease]] was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a [[psychiatrist]] and a [[pathologist]] of German origin.<ref name="pmid9661992">{{cite journal| author=Berchtold NC, Cotman CW| title=Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s. | journal=Neurobiol Aging | year= 1998 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-89 | pmid=9661992 | doi=10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00052-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9661992 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Korsakoff syndrome]] was discovered in late 19th century by a [[neuropsychiatrist]] of [[russian]] origin named, Sergei Korsakoff.<ref name="pmid19690905">{{cite journal| author=Vein A| title=Sergey Sergeevich Korsakov (1854-1900). | journal=J Neurol | year= 2009 | volume= 256 | issue= 10 | pages= 1782-3 | pmid=19690905 | doi=10.1007/s00415-009-5289-x | pmc=2758215 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19690905 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Memory disorders]] | [[Category:Memory disorders]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 00:21, 22 March 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Richard Semon in 1904 described that experiences cause some changes in the neurons and these changes are referred to as engram and they form memory of the particular experience in those neurons. Reactivation of these neurons occur when patient tries to recall those memories. Theodule-Armand Ribot, a French psychologist determined that memory loss affects recent memories first. Memories are lost in reverse order of their development.
Historical Perspective
- Richard Semon in 1904 described that experiences cause some changes in the neurons and these changes are referred to as engram and they form memory of the particular experience in those neurons. Reactivation of these neurons occur when patient tries to recall those memories.[1]
- Theodule-Armand Ribot, a French psychologist determined that memory loss affects recent memories first. Memories are lost in reverse order of their development.[2]
- In 1763, Sauvages recognized amnesia as a medical disorder.[3]
- In early 19th century clinical description of amnesia was identified.[3]
- Caroline Miles and Henri & Henri first described infantile amnesia in 1893 and 1895,respectively. It was further explained by Sigmund Freud in 1953.[4]
- Alzheimer's disease was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a psychiatrist and a pathologist of German origin.[5]
- Korsakoff syndrome was discovered in late 19th century by a neuropsychiatrist of russian origin named, Sergei Korsakoff.[6]
References
- ↑ Semon R. (1904). Die mneme [The mneme]. Edited by W. Engelmann. Leipzig
- ↑ Clark RE (2018). "A History and Overview of the Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory". Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 37: 1–11. doi:10.1007/7854_2017_482. PMID 29589321.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Langer KG (2019). "Early History of Amnesia". Front Neurol Neurosci. 44: 64–74. doi:10.1159/000494953. PMID 31220849.
- ↑ Alberini CM, Travaglia A (2017). "Infantile Amnesia: A Critical Period of Learning to Learn and Remember". J Neurosci. 37 (24): 5783–5795. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0324-17.2017. PMC 5473198. PMID 28615475.
- ↑ Berchtold NC, Cotman CW (1998). "Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s". Neurobiol Aging. 19 (3): 173–89. doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00052-9. PMID 9661992.
- ↑ Vein A (2009). "Sergey Sergeevich Korsakov (1854-1900)". J Neurol. 256 (10): 1782–3. doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5289-x. PMC 2758215. PMID 19690905.