Aminosalicylic acid: Difference between revisions

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{{drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 4-amino-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid
| image = P-Aminosalicylic acid.svg
| CAS_number = 65-49-6
| CAS_supplemental = 
| ATC_prefix = J04
| ATC_suffix = AA01
| ATC_supplemental = 
| PubChem = 4649
| DrugBank = APRD00749
| C=7 | H=7 | N=1 | O=3
| molecular_weight = 153.135 g/mol
| smiles = C1=CC(=C(C=C1N)O)C(=O)O
| melting_point = 150.5
| bioavailability = 
| protein_bound = 50–60%
| metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]]
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
| pregnancy_category = C
| legal_UK = POM
| routes_of_administration = Oral
}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}


__NOTOC__
{{Aminosalicylic acid}}
{{CMG}} ;{{AE}}; {{chetan}}


==Overview==


'''Aminosalicylic acid''', also known as '''''para''-aminosalicylic acid''', '''''p''-aminosalicylic acid''' or '''4-aminosalicylic acid'''; abbreviated '''4-ASA''', '''PAS''' or '''P''', is an [[antibiotic]] used to treat [[tuberculosis]]. It has been use for over forty years in the treatment of [[inflammatory bowel disease]]s (IBDs), where it has shown greater potency in [[Crohn's disease]]. It is thought to act via [[NF-kB|NF-κB]] (nuclear factor-kappa B) inhibition and free radical scavenging.
'''Aminosalicylic acid''', also known as '''''para''-aminosalicylic acid''', '''''p''-aminosalicylic acid''' or '''4-aminosalicylic acid'''; abbreviated '''4-ASA''', '''PAS''' or '''P''', is an [[antibiotic]] used to treat [[tuberculosis]]. It has been use for over forty years in the treatment of [[inflammatory bowel disease]]s (IBDs), where it has shown greater potency in [[Crohn's disease]]. It is thought to act via [[NF-kB|NF-κB]] (nuclear factor-kappa B) inhibition and free radical scavenging.


Aminosalicylic acid is sold in the [[United States]] by [[Jacobus Pharmaceutical]] as '''Paser'''. [[Mesalazine]] (5-aminosalicylic acid) is a closely related compound that also has medical uses.
Aminosalicylic acid is sold in the [[United States]] by [[Jacobus Pharmaceutical]] as '''Paser'''. [[Mesalazine]] (5-aminosalicylic acid) is a closely related compound that also has medical uses.
==Category==


==Medical uses==
==US Brand Names==
Aminosalicylic acid was introduced to clinical use in 1948.  It was the second antibiotic found to be effective in the treatment of tuberculosis (after [[streptomycin]]).


Its potency is less than that of the current five first-line drugs ([[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], [[pyrazinamide]] and [[streptomycin]]) for treating tuberculosis.  It still has a role to play in the treatment of [[multidrug-resistant tuberculosis]]. Aminosalicylic acid is always used in combination with other anti-TB drugs and is never used on its own.
==FDA Package Insert==
'''[[Aminosalicylic acid description|Description]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid compatibility reconstitution and stability|Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid directions for use|Directions For Use]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
'''| [[Aminosalicylic acid labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


The dose when treating tuberculosis is 150mg/kg/day divided into two to four daily doses; the usual adult dose is therefore approximately 2 to 4g four times a day.  It is sold in the US as '''Paser''' which comes in the form of 4g packets of delayed-release granules that have to be measured out with a scoop.  The drug should be taken with acid food or drink (orange, apple or tomato juice).
==Mechanisms of Action==


Aminosalicylic acid used to be available in a combination formula with isoniazid called '''[[Pasinah]]'''.
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


Aminosalicylic acid has also used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, but has been superseded by other drugs such as [[sulfasalazine]] and [[mesalazine]].
==Pharmacology==
It has a [[molecular weight]] of 153.14. With [[heat]], aminosalicylic acid is [[decarboxylation|decarboxylated]] to produce [[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] and [[3-aminophenol|''m''-aminophenol]].  Granules are tan in colour and must be refrigerated: they turn dark brown or purple when kept at room temperature for prolonged periods and should not be taken.
Aminosalicylic acid is in the [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] [[pregnancy category]] C. This means that it is not known whether it will harm an [[fetus|unborn baby]].
==Side effects==
Gastrointestinal [[adverse drug reaction|side-effects]] (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea) are common; the delayed-release formulation is meant to help overcome this problem.  It is also a cause of drug-induced [[hepatitis]].  Patients with [[glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] should avoid taking aminosalicylic acid as it causes [[haemolysis]].  Thyroid [[goitre]] is also a side-effect because aminosalicylic acid inhibits the synthesis of [[thyroid hormone]]s.
There are drug interactions (in particular, [[phenytoin]] levels are increased).
== History ==
PAS was discovered by the Swedish chemist [[Jörgen Lehmann]] while he followed through on published information that the tuberculosis bacterium avidly metabolized [[salicylic acid]]. Lehmann first tried PAS as an oral TB therapy late in 1944. The first patient made a dramatic recovery. The drug proved better than [[streptomycin]], which had nerve toxicity and to which TB could easily develop resistance.
Late in the 1940s, researchers at Britain's [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]] demonstrated that combined treatment with streptomycin and PAS was superior to either drug alone.
==External links==
*[http://www.drugs.com/MTM/aminosalicylic_acid.html Drugs.com]
*[http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/paser.htm RxList]
{{Antimycobacterials}}
[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Wikinfect]]
 
[[pl:Kwas p-aminosalicylowy]]
 
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Revision as of 14:46, 24 December 2013


Aminosalicylic Acid
PASER® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Microbiology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Overdosage
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Aminosalicylic acid, also known as para-aminosalicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid or 4-aminosalicylic acid; abbreviated 4-ASA, PAS or P, is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. It has been use for over forty years in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where it has shown greater potency in Crohn's disease. It is thought to act via NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) inhibition and free radical scavenging.

Aminosalicylic acid is sold in the United States by Jacobus Pharmaceutical as Paser. Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) is a closely related compound that also has medical uses.

Category

US Brand Names

FDA Package Insert

Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | Compatibility, Reconstitution, and Stability | Directions For Use | How Supplied | Labels and Packages

Mechanisms of Action

References

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