Addison's disease pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 11: Line 11:
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADG}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[hypothalamus]] releases [[corticotropin-releasing hormone]] (CRH), which stimulates the [[pituitary gland]] to release [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|corticotropin]] ([[ACTH]]). [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]] travels via the [[blood]] to the [[adrenal gland]], where it stimulates the release of [[cortisol]]. [[Cortisol]] is secreted by the [[Adrenal cortex|cortex]] of the [[adrenal gland]] from a region called the [[zona fasciculata]] in response to [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]]. Elevated levels of [[cortisol]] exert [[negative feedback]] on the [[Pituitary gland|pituitary]], which decreases the amount of [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]] released from the [[pituitary gland]]. Addison's disease results when the [[Adrenal gland|adrenal glands]] do not produce enough [[cortisol]] and [[aldosterone]].
The [[hypothalamus]] releases [[corticotropin-releasing hormone]] ([[CRH]]), which stimulates the [[pituitary gland]] to release [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|corticotropin]] ([[ACTH]]). [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]] travels via the [[blood]] to the [[adrenal gland]], where it stimulates the release of [[cortisol]]. [[Cortisol]] is secreted by the [[Adrenal cortex|cortex]] of the [[adrenal gland]] from a region called the [[zona fasciculata]] in response to [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]]. Elevated levels of [[cortisol]] exert [[negative feedback]] on the [[Pituitary gland|pituitary]], which decreases the amount of [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone|ACTH]] released from the [[pituitary gland]]. Addison's disease results when the [[Adrenal gland|adrenal glands]] do not produce enough [[cortisol]] and [[aldosterone]].


==Normal Physiology of Adrenal Glands==
==Normal Physiology of Adrenal Glands==

Revision as of 15:53, 18 September 2017

Title
https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6XcBp8EV7Q%7C350}}

Addison's disease Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Addison's disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Addison's disease pathophysiology On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Addison's disease pathophysiology

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Addison's disease pathophysiology

CDC on Addison's disease pathophysiology

Addison's disease pathophysiology in the news

Blogs on Addison's disease pathophysiology

Directions to Hospitals Treating Addison's disease

Risk calculators and risk factors for Addison's disease pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release corticotropin (ACTH). ACTH travels via the blood to the adrenal gland, where it stimulates the release of cortisol. Cortisol is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland from a region called the zona fasciculata in response to ACTH. Elevated levels of cortisol exert negative feedback on the pituitary, which decreases the amount of ACTH released from the pituitary gland. Addison's disease results when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.

Normal Physiology of Adrenal Glands

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Cortisol

Harmone Type of class Function
Cortisol Glucocorticoids
Aldosterone Mineralocorticoids

Pathophysiology

Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and, in some cases, aldosterone. Adrenal insufficiency may arise due to insufficient release of cortisol from the adrenal glands. Insufficient cortisol secretion may be due to adrenal dysgenesis (the gland does not form adequately during development), impaired steroidogenesis (the gland is present but is biochemically unable to produce cortisol) or adrenal destruction (disease processes leading to the gland being damaged).

Mechanism of adrenal insufficiency Definition Pathophysiology
Adrenal dysgenesis Gland does not form adequately during development
Impaired steroidogenesis
Adrenal destruction
  • Disease processes leading to the gland being damaged

Genetics

Associated conditions

Addison's disease is commonly seen associated with conditions such as:

References

  1. Michels AW, Eisenbarth GS (2010). "Immunologic endocrine disorders". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S226–37. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.053. PMC 2835296. PMID 20176260.

Template:WH Template:WS