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*In '''1900''', Otto Naegeli described the differences between blasts (blood cancer cells) of myeloid versus lymphoid origin.<ref name="pmid29340131">{{cite journal| author=Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MÁ, Cortes-Penagos C| title=Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis. | journal=Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-339 | pmid=29340131 | doi= | pmc=5767295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29340131 }} </ref> | *In '''1900''', Otto Naegeli described the differences between blasts (blood cancer cells) of myeloid versus lymphoid origin.<ref name="pmid29340131">{{cite journal| author=Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MÁ, Cortes-Penagos C| title=Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis. | journal=Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-339 | pmid=29340131 | doi= | pmc=5767295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29340131 }} </ref> | ||
*In '''1914''', Theodor Boveri described the role of chromosomal aberrations in the development of cancer. This later became very important to the classification of acute myeloid leukemia, which is largely based on chromosomal abnormalities.<ref name="pmid29340131">{{cite journal| author=Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MÁ, Cortes-Penagos C| title=Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis. | journal=Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-339 | pmid=29340131 | doi= | pmc=5767295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29340131 }} </ref> | *In '''1914''', Theodor Boveri described the role of chromosomal aberrations in the development of cancer. This later became very important to the classification of acute myeloid leukemia, which is largely based on chromosomal abnormalities.<ref name="pmid29340131">{{cite journal| author=Lagunas-Rangel FA, Chávez-Valencia V, Gómez-Guijosa MÁ, Cortes-Penagos C| title=Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Prognosis. | journal=Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 328-339 | pmid=29340131 | doi= | pmc=5767295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29340131 }} </ref> | ||
*In '''1973''', cytarabine and anthracyclines were introduced as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. | |||
*In '''2000''', gemtuzumab ozogamycin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and was introduced to the market after phase II data showed a 26% response rate. | |||
*In '''2010''', gemtuzumab ozogamycin was taken off the market after data showed concerns about the safety and efficacy of this medication in acute myeloid leukemia. | |||
*In '''2017''', the European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification system was devised to help risk stratify patients with acute myeloid leukemia. | *In '''2017''', the European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification system was devised to help risk stratify patients with acute myeloid leukemia. | ||
*In '''2017''', there were multiple new drugs approved for acute myeloid leukemia after a 40-year period of stagnation. These medications included midostaurin, enasidenib, CPX-351, and gemtuzumab ozogamycin (re-approved after its discontinuation in 2010). | |||
*In '''2018''', ivosidenib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration after a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study showed an overall response rate of 40%. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:29, 22 October 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- In 130-200 AD, Galen first used the term 'cancer.' This included hematologic and solid malignancies.
- In 1674, Van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to describe red blood cells.
- In 1749, Joseph Lieutaud, a French anatomist, described what he called 'the globuli albicantes’, which later came to be known as white blood cells.
- In 1749, after De Sanc described ‘globules blancs du pus’, it became known that pus and inflammation were related to blood.
- In 1774, William Hewson gave a detailed description of the lymphatic system and lymphocytes.
- In 1846, Dr. Henry Fuller, a physician at St George's Hospital in London, published the first case report of chronic granulocytic leukemia. This was the first recorded use of the microscope to diagnose leukemia in a patient. He noted that the time from the onset of ill health to death was 8 months. He labelled his diagnosis as leucocythaemia.
- In 1857, Nikolaus Friedreich documented the first case of acute leukemia.[1]
- In 1877, Paul Ehrlich performed polychromatophilic stains to classify leukemia into myeloid or lymphoid.[1]
- In 1878, Ernst Neumann described the bone marrow as the origin of leukemia.[1]
- In 1889, Willhelm Ebstein described leukemia as a fast and fatal disease.[1]
- In 1900, Otto Naegeli described the differences between blasts (blood cancer cells) of myeloid versus lymphoid origin.[1]
- In 1914, Theodor Boveri described the role of chromosomal aberrations in the development of cancer. This later became very important to the classification of acute myeloid leukemia, which is largely based on chromosomal abnormalities.[1]
- In 1973, cytarabine and anthracyclines were introduced as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.
- In 2000, gemtuzumab ozogamycin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and was introduced to the market after phase II data showed a 26% response rate.
- In 2010, gemtuzumab ozogamycin was taken off the market after data showed concerns about the safety and efficacy of this medication in acute myeloid leukemia.
- In 2017, the European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification system was devised to help risk stratify patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
- In 2017, there were multiple new drugs approved for acute myeloid leukemia after a 40-year period of stagnation. These medications included midostaurin, enasidenib, CPX-351, and gemtuzumab ozogamycin (re-approved after its discontinuation in 2010).
- In 2018, ivosidenib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration after a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study showed an overall response rate of 40%.
References