Abdominal distension causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Abdominal distension (or "distended abdomen") can be a sign of many conditions affecting many organ systems.

Causes

Common Causes

• Air swallowing (a nervous habit)
• Constipation
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Lactose intolerance and other food intolerances
• Overeating
• Weight gain

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Abdominal aneurysm, congestive heart failure, heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Congenital	Congenital hepatic porphyria, congenital megacolon, congenital short bowel, congenital tuberculosis, hirschsprung's disease, Jirásek-Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome, meconium plug syndrome
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Febuxostat, Pramipexole
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypothyroidism, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome OHSS
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Abdominal abscess, acute appendicitis, ascites, biliary Atresia, cirrhosis, colonic volvulus, constipation, diverticulitis, idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis, ileus, large bowel obstruction, necrotizing enterocolitis, pancreatitis and complications (pseudocyst), peritoneal bleeding, peritonitis
Genetic	Polycystic liver disease
Hematologic	Acanthocytosis
Iatrogenic	Blind loop syndrome, colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's Syndrome)
Infectious Disease	Helminthiasis, toxic megacolon
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Acute intermittent porphyria, hepatorenal tyrosinemia, lactose intolerance, overeating
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian cancer, pregnancy
Oncologic	Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, leukemia, lymphoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Nephrotic syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Abdominal trauma with intra-abdominal bleeding
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Air swallowing (nervous habit), functional gas/constipation, gas/bloat syndrome, obesity, umbilical hernia or ventral hernia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abdominal abscess Abdominal aneurysm Abdominal trauma with intra-abdominal bleeding Acanthocytosis Acute appendicitis Air swallowing (nervous habit) Ascites Congestive Heart Failure Hypoalbuminemia (e.g. malnutrition, liver failure) Metastatic cancer (e.g., colon, ovarian) Nephrotic syndrome Portal hypertension (e.g. cirrhosis) Autonomic dysreflexia Biliary Atresia Blind loop syndrome Bloating Bowel obstruction Cardiac tamponade Chylous ascites Cirrhosis Clostridium difficile Colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's Syndrome) Colonic volvulus Congenital hepatic porphyria Congenital megacolon Congenital short bowel Congenital tuberculosis Constipation Cordyceps Diverticulitis Drowning End stage liver failure Enteritis Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Functional gas/constipation Gas/bloat syndrome Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary Heart failure Helminthiasis Hepatorenal tyrosinemia Hirschsprung disease Hookworm Hypothyroidism Idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis Ileus Infectious diarrhea Intestinal pseudoobstruction

Irritable bowel syndrome Ischemic colitis Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus Islet cell transplantation Jirásek-Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome Lactose intolerance Large bowel obstruction Leukemia Lymphoma Meconium plug syndrome Metastatic cancer (e.g., colon, ovarian) Necrotizing enterocolitis Neonatal sepsis Nephrotic syndrome Obesity Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome OHSS Ovarian cancer Ovarian cyst Overeating Pancreatitis and complications (pseudocyst) Paralytic ileus Pelvic masses Peritoneal bleeding Peritonitis Polycystic Liver Disease Pregnancy Premenstrual syndrome Pseudocyesis Pseudomyxoma peritonei Pulmonary hypertension Sclerosing mesenteritis Small bowel obstruction Smith's disease Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) SSRI discontinuation syndrome Stongyloidiasis Stalker-Chitayat syndrome Toxic megacolon Trauma Ulcerative colitis Umbilical hernia or ventral hernia Urethral obstruction sequence Urorectal septum malformation sequence Valvular dysplasia of the child Variegate porphyria Volvulus Weight gain Wolman syndrome