Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings

	Nutcracker syndrome Microchapters
Home
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Differentiating Nutcracker syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings
CDC on Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings
Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings in the news
Blogs on Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings
Directions to Hospitals Treating Nutcracker syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Nutcracker syndrome other imaging findings

Overview

Nutcracker syndrome can be diagnosed with:

Left renal venography — considered to be the gold standard test.
Computed tomography (CT). The popular name "nutcracker syndrome" derives from the fact that, in the sagittal view, the SMA and AA (with some imagination) appear to be a nutcracker crushing a nut (the renal vein).
Abdominal ultrasonography — not definitive but has been found to be useful.^[1]

↑ Takebayashi S, Ueki T, Ikeda N, Fujikawa A. Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999 Jan;172(1):39-43. PMID 9888735.