Bradycardia pathophysiology

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Bradycardia Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bradycardia from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Pathologic bradycardias are caused by disorders of impulse generation (impaired automaticity at SA node), impulse conduction (heart block) or escape pacemakers and rhythms. Bradycardia can be underlain by several causes, which are best divided into cardiac and non-cardiac causes. Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary, and can involve recreational drug use, endocrine disorders (hypothyroid); electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia); autonomic reflexes; situational factors (prolonged bed rest); infections lyme disease, medications, and autoimmunity disorders. Cardiac causes include acute or chronic ischemic heart disease, vascular heart disease, valvular heart disease, or degenerative primary electrical disease (fibrosis and calcification of the sinus node and conduction system).


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