Mental retardation differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]

Overview

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

OR

[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases

1. Neurocognitive disorders – there is loss of cognitive functioning in these cases.
2. Specific learning disorder and language disorders – compared to individuals with ID, these individuals have deficits in communication and learning aspects but with normal intellect and adaptive function.
3. Autism spectrum disorder – social development and language deficits are the hallmark of autism spectrum patients and have normal motor development.

Possible hearing and visual impairments should be ruled out in diagnosing intellectual disability.

Differential Diagnosis

In alphabetical order.

• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Angelman Syndrome
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Communication disorders and specific learning disorder
• Congenital hypothyroidism
• Cri du chat syndrome
• Cytomegalovirus
• Deprivation syndrome
• Down's Syndrome
• Encephalitis
• Fragile X syndrome
• Galactosemia
• High bilirubin levels in babies
• HIV infection
• Hunter syndrome
• Hurler syndrome
• Hypoglycemia
• Idiopathic
• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Intrauterine exposure to toxins
• Lack of oxygen
• Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome
• Listeriosis
• Low socioeconomic status
• Major and mild neurocognitive disorders
• Meningitis
• Metachromatic leukodystrophy
• Phenylketonuria
• Prader-Willi Syndrome
• Rett Syndrome
• Reye's Syndrome
• Rubella
• Sanfilippo syndrome
• Toxoplasmosis
• Trauma after birth
• Trauma before birth
• Trauma during birth
• Tuberous Sclerosis