Sandbox:Sahar
Cyanosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Central cyanosis | Peripheral cyanosis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hematologic abnormalities: [1] ❑ Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired)
❑ Polycythemia vera
❑ Venomous snakebites [4]
❑ Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) [5] | Hypoventilation:: Upper airway obstruction: [7][8] ❑ Foreign body aspiration
Neurologic abnormalities: [10][11][12] | Vascular causes: ❑ Cardiac tamponade
❑ Eisenmenger syndrome | {{{ G05 }}} | {{{ G06 }}} | {{{ G07 }}} | Causes: [18][19] ❑ Cold exposure ❑ Venous obstruction: ❑ Decreased cardiac output: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pseudocyanosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metals | Extensive tattoos | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drugs | Pigmentary lesions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consumption of dyed food | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Martínez de Zabarte Fernández JM, García Íñiguez JP, Domínguez Cajal M (February 2018). "Metahemoglobinemia in infants over one year". Med Clin (Barc). doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2017.12.009. PMID 29439874.
- ↑ Günal E, Akkuş Y, Çığşar G, Çiftçi H, Kahramanca Ş, Özdemir M (October 2017). "Methemoglobinemia incidence after the application of lidocaine for small surgical procedures". Agri. 29 (4): 173–176. PMID 29171648.
- ↑ Hilbert P, Zur Nieden K (September 2004). "[Suicidal fatal beta-blocker intoxication]". Anaesthesist (in German). 53 (9): 826–9. doi:10.1007/s00101-004-0721-1. PMID 15249969.
- ↑ Hifumi T, Sakai A, Kondo Y, Yamamoto A, Morine N, Ato M, Shibayama K, Umezawa K, Kiriu N, Kato H, Koido Y, Inoue J, Kawakita K, Kuroda Y (2015). "Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment". J Intensive Care. 3 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/s40560-015-0081-8. PMC 4393627. PMID 25866646.
- ↑ Kondamudi NP, Virji M. PMID 28722926. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Jensen JD, Vincent AL. PMID 28613569. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Gossman WG, Burns B. PMID 29261942. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Zoorob RJ, Campbell JS (November 2003). "Acute dyspnea in the office". Am Fam Physician. 68 (9): 1803–10. PMID 14620600.
- ↑ Jain S, Bakshi N, Krishnamurti L (December 2017). "Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle Cell Disease". Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 30 (4): 191–201. doi:10.1089/ped.2017.0814. PMC 5733742. PMID 29279787.
- ↑ Kondamudi NP, Dulebohn SC. PMID 28722923. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Kondamudi NP, Wilt AS. PMID 28722998. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Memon J, Manganaro SN. PMID 28722938. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Bergeron M, Cohen AP, Cotton RT (2017). "The Management of Cyanotic Spells in Children with Oesophageal Atresia". Front Pediatr. 5: 106. doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00106. PMC 5430373. PMID 28555179.
- ↑ Woods WA, McCulloch MA (November 2005). "Cardiovascular emergencies in the pediatric patient". Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 23 (4): 1233–49. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2005.07.003. PMID 16199347.
- ↑ Driscoll DJ (February 1990). "Evaluation of the cyanotic newborn". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 37 (1): 1–23. PMID 2407997.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Bailliard F, Anderson RH (January 2009). "Tetralogy of Fallot". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-4-2. PMC 2651859. PMID 19144126.
- ↑ Kaur K, Bhardwaj M, Kumar P, Singhal S, Singh T, Hooda S (2016). "Amniotic fluid embolism". J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 32 (2): 153–9. doi:10.4103/0970-9185.173356. PMC 4874066. PMID 27275041.
- ↑ Fardoun MM, Nassif J, Issa K, Baydoun E, Eid AH (2016). "Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms". Front Pharmacol. 7: 438. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00438. PMC 5110514. PMID 27899893.
- ↑ Das S, Maiti A (November 2013). "Acrocyanosis: an overview". Indian J Dermatol. 58 (6): 417–20. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.119946. PMC 3827510. PMID 24249890.