Rubella historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The clinical picture resembling rubella was described for the first time in 1814 and its role in causing congenital anomalies was identified in 1942. The virus was isolated for the first time in 1962 by two independent groups in tissue culture.

Historical Perspective

Rubella umbrella campaign

The “rubella umbrella” campaign urged parents to have their children immunized from this viral infection. Rubella, or more commonly referred to as the German measles, is a mild childhood illness that can pose a serious threat to a fetus, if the mother contracts the illness during pregnancy. More than 20,000 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) during an outbreak of rubella in 1964-65. This epidemic cost the country an estimated $1.5 billion. The rubella vaccine was first licensed in the U.S. in 1969.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cooper LZ (1985). "The history and medical consequences of rubella". Rev Infect Dis. 7 Suppl 1: S2–10. PMID 3890105.
  2. Horstmann DM (1986). "The rubella story, 1881-1985". S Afr Med J. Suppl: 60–3. PMID 3535122.
  3. Swartz TA, Praiss I, Isacson M, Nishmi M, Ben-Porath E, Hornstein L (1975). "Early results of an extensive rubella epidemic". Int J Epidemiol. 4 (4): 331–5. PMID 23682420.
  4. Brand N, Legum S, Saunders J, Fogel A (1983). "Congenital rubella in Israel following the 1978-79 rubella epidemic". Isr J Med Sci. 19 (10): 925–8. PMID 6662676.
  5. Allerberger F (2017). "Eliminating measles and rubella in Europe". Clin Microbiol Infect. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.04.008. PMID 28412385.
  6. Forbes JA (1969). "Rubella: historical aspects". Am J Dis Child. 118 (1): 5–11. PMID 4892774.
  7. Siegel M, Fuerst HT, Guinee VF (1971). "Rubella epidemicity and embryopathy. Results of a long-term prospective study". Am. J. Dis. Child. 121 (6): 469–73. PMID 5581012.
  8. Shapiro, Lewis (1965). "The Numbered Diseases: First Through Sixth". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 194 (6): 680. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03090190102038. ISSN 0098-7484.
  9. Richardson M, Elliman D, Maguire H, Simpson J, Nicoll A (2001). "Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 20 (4): 380–91. PMID 11332662.
  10. Lazar M, Abernathy E, Chen MH, Icenogle J, Janta D, Stanescu A; et al. (2016). "Epidemiological and molecular investigation of a rubella outbreak, Romania, 2011 to 2012". Euro Surveill. 21 (38). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.38.30345. PMC 5073198. PMID 27684329.

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