Non-Hodgkin lymphoma pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Pathophysiology
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a group of different types of lymphoid tissue tumors. These lymphoid tumors are derived from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or natural killer cells which are the main immune cells in the body.[1]
- The subtypes of non-hodgkin lymphoma include the following:[2]
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Small lymphocytic lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Pathogenesis
- The main pathogenesis mechanism of NHL is genetic mutations of the proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Genetics
The development of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:[3][4]
- Mutations of the B-cell receptor genes and NFKB pathway
- RNA splicing mutations in the small lymphocytic lymphoma
- Genetic mutations in histone formation:[5]
- MLL2
- MEF2B
- EZH2
- CREBBP
- EP300
- MLL2
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Farrell K, Jarrett RF (2011). "The molecular pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma". Histopathology. 58 (1): 15–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03705.x. PMID 21261680.
- ↑ Coupland SE (2011). "The challenge of the microenvironment in B-cell lymphomas". Histopathology. 58 (1): 69–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03706.x. PMID 21261684.
- ↑ Pasqualucci L, Trifonov V, Fabbri G, Ma J, Rossi D, Chiarenza A; et al. (2011). "Analysis of the coding genome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". Nat Genet. 43 (9): 830–7. doi:10.1038/ng.892. PMC 3297422. PMID 21804550.
- ↑ Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Lawrence MS, Auclair D, Chapuy B, Sougnez C; et al. (2012). "Discovery and prioritization of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by whole-exome sequencing". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109 (10): 3879–84. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121343109. PMC 3309757. PMID 22343534.
- ↑ Green MR, Gentles AJ, Nair RV, Irish JM, Kihira S, Liu CL; et al. (2013). "Hierarchy in somatic mutations arising during genomic evolution and progression of follicular lymphoma". Blood. 121 (9): 1604–11. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-09-457283. PMC 3587323. PMID 23297126.