Differentiating Scleroderma from other diseases
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
OR
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [[differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
Differentiating X from other Diseases
- [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
- [Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
- As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].
Preferred Table
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | ||||||||||||||||||||
Skin thickening | Raynaud phenomenon | Dysphagia | Dyspnea | Impaired mobility | Swelling | Indurated skin | Sclerodactyly | Telangiectasia | Abdominal distension | Impaired mobility | Edema | Autoantibodies | Anemia | Peripheral blood smear | Nailfold video capillaroscopy | CT-scan | Imaging 3 | |||||
Scleroderma | Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome) | + | + | +/- | +/- | + | + | + | +/- | Anti-centromere antibody
ANA |
+/- | Nailfold microvascular changes | Chest CT showing evidence of pulmonary fibrosis | Nailfold microvascular changes | Interstitial lung disease / Pulmonary hypertension | |||||||
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis | + | + | +/- | +/- | +/- | + | + | + | +/- | +/- | Anti-Scl-70 antibody
ANA |
+/- | Nailfold microvascular changes | |||||||||
Systemic diseases | Scleredema
(Buschke's disease)[1] |
+ | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | - |
|
| ||||||
Scleromyxedema
(lichen myxedematosus) |
Fibroblast proliferation in the dermis | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amyloidosis | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Eosinophilic fasciitis | + | Eosinophilia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Chronic graft-versus-host disease | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Drug induced scleroderma | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Scleroderma overlap syndromes | Systemic lupus erythematosus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dermatomyositis | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Rheumatoid arthritis | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Endocrine disorders | Diabetes mellitus (diabetic cheiroarthropathy) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Myxedema due to hypothyroidism | ||||||||||||||||||||||
POEMS syndrome | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Renal diseases | Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis |
References
- ↑ Rongioletti F, Kaiser F, Cinotti E, Metze D, Battistella M, Calzavara-Pinton PG, Damevska K, Girolomoni G, André J, Perrot JL, Kempf W, Cavelier-Balloy B (December 2015). "Scleredema. A multicentre study of characteristics, comorbidities, course and therapy in 44 patients". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 29 (12): 2399–404. doi:10.1111/jdv.13272. PMID 26304054.