Malignant lung carcnimoma
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Risk Factors
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Topography
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Histology
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Gross
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Immunohistochemistry
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Imaging
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Pulmonary growth pattern
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Mets
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Other differentiating features
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Xray
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CT
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PET scan
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Papillary
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- Cigarette smokers
- Arsenic
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- Centrally in the mainstem
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- Exophytic and endobronchial growth.
- Limited amount of intraepithelial spread without invasion.
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- White or grey and, depending on the severity of fibrosis
- Firm with focal carbon pigment deposits in the centre and star-like retractions on the periphery.
- Cavitations.
- Intraluminal polypoid masses and / or infiltrate through the bronchial wall into the surrounding tissues
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- High molecular weight keratin (34ßE12
- Cytokeratins (5/6)
- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
- Low molecular weight keratin (35ßH11)
- Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1)
- Cytokeratin 7 (CK7)
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- In central SCC, lobar or entire lung collapse
- Shift of the mediastinum to the ipsilateral side.
- Central, segmental or subsegmental tumours can extend into regional lymph nodes
- Appear as hilar, perihilar or mediastinal masses with or without lobar collapse.
- Peripheral tumours
- Presents as solitary pulmonary nodules (< 3 cm) or masses (> 3 cm).
- Cavitations
- Hilar opacities, atelectasis or peripheral masses
- Mediastinal enlargement
- Hemidiaphragmatic elevation
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Clear cell
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- Predominantly composed of cells with clear cytoplasm.
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Small cell
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- Poorly differentiated with small tumor cells
- Focal squamous differentiation.
- Lacks the characteristic nuclear features of small cell carcinoma.
- Focal intercellular bridges or keratinization.
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Basaloid
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- Prominent peripheral palisading of nuclei.
- Poorly differentiated
- Carcinomas with an extensive basaloid pattern but lacking squamous differentiation
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Small cell carcinoma
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Combined small cell carcinoma
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Adeno carcinoma
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Adenocarcinoma, mixed sub type
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Acinar adenocarcinoma
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Papillary adenocarcinoma
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Bronchio-alveolar carcinoma
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Non-mucinous
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Mucinous
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Mixed non-mucinous and mucinous or indeterminate
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Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production
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Fetal adenocarcinoma
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Mucinous (“colloid”) carcinoma
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Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
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Signet ring adenocarcinoma
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma
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Large cell carcinoma
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Giant-cell carcinoma of the lung
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Basaloid large cell carcinoma of the lung
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Clear cell carcinoma of the lung
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Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung
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Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype
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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
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Sarcomatoid carcinoma
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Pleomorphic carcinoma
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Carcinosarcoma
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Spindle cell carcinoma
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Giant cell carcinoma
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Pulmonary blastoma
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Carcinoid tumour
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Typical carcinoid
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Atypical carcinoid
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Salivary gland tumours
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
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Adenoid cystic carcinoma
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Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
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Preinvasive lesions
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Squamous carcinoma in situ
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Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
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Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
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Mesenchymal tumors
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Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
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Angiosarcoma
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Pleuropulmonary blastoma
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Chondroma
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Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor
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Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
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Synovial sarcoma
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Pulmonary artery sarcoma
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Pulmonary vein sarcoma
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