Sandbox:Pulmonary valve stenosis
Overview
Historical Perspective
Epidemiology and Demographics
Causes
Pathophysiology
Anatomy
- Pulmonary valve is located at the distal part of the right ventricular outflow tract at the junction of the pulmonary artery.
- It is located anterior and superior to the aortic valve at the level of the third intercostal space and separated from the tricuspid valve by the infundibulum of the right ventricle.
- It is comprised of three equal sized, semilunar cusps or leaflets (right, left, anterior), nomenclature based on the of the corresponding aortic valve.
- The three cusps are joined by commissures and the cusps are thinner when compared to the aortic valve, due to a low pressure in the right ventricle.
- The area of the valve can be estimated in relation with the body surface area and men usually have greater valve area when compared to women.[1]
- The normal orifice area is approximately around 3cm².[2]
- The pulmonary valve opens in the right ventricular systole allowing the de-oxygenated blood to be delivered to the lungs.
- During the right ventricular diastole the pulmonary valves should close completely to prevent regurgitation of blood into the right ventricle.
Pathogenesis
- Pulmonic valve stenosis can result from structural alterations resulting from congenital and acquired causes.
Genetics
Associated Conditions
History, Symptoms
Physical Examination
Diagnosis
Treatment
Guidelines
Medical Therapy
Surgical Therapy
Follow up
Prevention
Reflist</2> Template:WH Template:WS
- ↑ Capps SB, Elkins RC, Fronk DM (2000). "Body surface area as a predictor of aortic and pulmonary valve diameter". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 119 (5): 975–82. doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70092-4. PMID 10788818.
- ↑ Singh B, Mohan JC (1992). "Doppler echocardiographic determination of aortic and pulmonary valve orifice areas in normal adult subjects". Int J Cardiol. 37 (1): 73–8. PMID 1428292.