Splenomegaly causes

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Template:Splenomegaly Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure, Constrictive pericarditis, Infective endocarditis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Cidofovir, Filgrastim
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Thyrotoxicosis
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Cirrhosis, Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome, Hepatic portal vein obstruction, Hepatic vein thrombosis, Portal hypertension, Splenic vein thrombosis
Genetic Aicardi Goutieres syndrome, Alpha-mannosidase deficiency, Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency, Chanarin-Dorfman disease, Chediak-Higashi disease, Cholesterol ester storage disease, Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, Familial histiocytic reticulosis, Familial hypertriglyceridaemia, Farber lipogranulomatosis, Fucosidosis, Fumarate hydratase deficiency, Galactose epimerase deficiency, Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency, Gamma heavy chain disease, Gangliosidosis GM1, type 1, Gangliosidosis GM1, type 3, Gangliosidosis GM3, Gaucher's disease, Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency, Glycogen storage disease, Haemochromatosis, Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome, Hyperlipidemia, Iduronate-2-sulfatase deficiency, Kartagener syndrome, Langerhans cell histiocytosis , Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, McLeod syndrome, Mevalonate kinase deficiency, Mu chain disease, Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta, Mucopolysaccharidosis VI, Mucopolysaccharidosis VII, Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, Prolidase deficiency, Salla disease, Sandhoff disease, Sanfilippo disease, Sea blue histiocytosis, Sialidosis , Sphingomyelinase deficiency, Tyrosinaemia type 1, Zimmermann-Laband syndrome
Hematologic Acute and chronic hemolytic anemias, all etiologies, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type 1, Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria, Coproporphyria, hereditary, Eosinophillic granuloma, Essential thrombocythemia, Extramedullary haemopoiesis, Haemoglobin C disease, Haemoglobin E disease, Haemoglobin SC disease, Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Hemolytic anemia, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Hereditary spherocytosis, Histiocytosis X, Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Iron deficiency anemia, Letterer-Siwe disease, Mastocytosis, Multiple myeloma, Myelofibrosis, Myeloid leukemia, Myeloid metaplasia, Myoproliferative syndrome(s), Osteomyelosclerosis, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Polycythemia vera, Primary autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Primary thrombocythemia, acquired, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Sickle cell crisis, Sickle cell disease, Thalassemia major, Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Acanthocheilonemiasis, AIDS, Babesiosis, Bartonellosis, Borreliosis, Cat-Scratch disease, Coronavirus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Cytomegalovirus, Dengue, E.coli, Ehrlichiosis, Group B streptococcal infections, Hepatic Echinococcosis, Hepatitis, Histoplasmosis, Infectious mononucleosis, Kala-Azar, Leishmaniasis, Leptospirosis, Lyme disease, Malaria, Myobacterium avium complex, Paragonimiasis, Psittacosis, Q fever, Relapsing fever, Rickettsiae, RMSF, Rubella, Salmonella, Schistosomiasis, Septicemia, Sleeping sickness, Splenic abscess, Syphilis, Toxocariasis, Toxoplasma, Trench fever, Tropical splenomegaly syndrome, Trypanosomiasis, Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Visceral larva migrans, Weil's syndrome, Whipple disease
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Osteopetrosis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Nutritional anemias, Vitamin B12 deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Acute and chronic leukemias, Adult T-cell leukemia, Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia, Angiosarcoma, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Bone marrow infiltration, Castleman's syndrome, Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Chronic myeloid leukaemia, Chronic myoletic leukemia, Fibromas, Geleophysic dysplasia, Hairy cell leukaemia, Hamartomas, Hemangiomas, Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma,Hodgkin lymphoma, Lymphangiomas, Lymphoid leukemia, Lympho-reticulosarcoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, Melanoma, Metastatic solid tumors, Monocytic leukemia, Non-hodgkin's lymphoma, Primary splenic tumors, Splenic hamartoma, Splenic hemangioma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Nephrotic syndrome,
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, Collagen vascular diseases, Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia, Felty's syndrome, Immune hemolytic anemias, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Macrophage activation syndrome, Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Rheumatoid arthritis (felty syndrome), Sarcoidosis, Serum sickness, Still disease, adult-onset, Still disease, juvenile-onset, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Idiopathic splenomegaly, Splenic artery anuerysm, [[Splenic cysts]

Causes in Alphabetical Order[1] [2]

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3

Less common causes [3]

Causes by Organ System

Splenomegaly grouped on the basis of the pathogenic mechanism

Increased function Abnormal blood flow Infiltration
Removal of defective RBCs

Spherocytosis
Thalassemia
Hemoglobinopathies
Nutritional anemias
early sickle cell anemia
Immune hyperplasia
Response to infection (viral,bacterial,fungal,parasitic)
Mononucleosis, AIDS, Viral hepatitis
Subacute bacterial endocarditis, bacterial septicemia
Splenic abscess, Typhoid fever
brucellosis,Leptospirosis, tuberculosis
Histoplasmosis
Malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis
Ehrlichiosis
Disordered immunoregulation
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
Serum sickness
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immune thrombocytopenia
Sarcoidosis
Drug reactions
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Myelofibrosis
Marrow infiltration by tumors, leukemias
marrow damage by radiation, toxins

Organ Failure

Cirrhosis
congestive heart failure
Vascular
Hepatic vein obstruction
Portal vein obstruction
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Splenic vein obstruction
Infections
Hepatic schistosomiasis
Hepatic echinococcosis

Metabolic diseases
Gauchers disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Hurler syndrome and other Mucopolysaccharidoses
Amyloidosis
Tangier disease
Benign and malignant infiltrations
Leukemias(acute, chronic, lymphoid and myeloid)
Lymphomas (Hodgkins and non-hodgkins)
Myeloproliferative disorders
Metastatic tumors(commonly melanoma)
Histiocytosis X
Hemangioma,Lymphangioma
Splenic cysts
Hamartomas
Eosinophilic granuloma

Causes of Massive Splenomegaly (>1000gms)

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
  3. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In a page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:157

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