Dyslipidemia resident survival guide

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Classification

Causes

Secondary causes of dyslipidemia may cause either an increase in total-cholesterol & low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) or an increase in total triglycerides & very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)

Increase in Total Cholesterol and LDL-C

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Nephrosis
  • Dysgammaglobulinemia (systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma)
  • Cholestatic hepatic diseases due to abnormal lipoproteins (e.g. primary biliary cirrhosis)
  • Administration of protease inhibitors (treatment for HIV infection)
  • Administration of progestin or anabolic steroids

Increase in Total Triglycerides and VLDL-C

  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Obesity
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Administration of anti-hypertensive therapy (thiazide diuretics or B-blockers)
  • Administration of corticosteroids
  • Severe stress that increases endogenous corticosteroid concentration
  • Elevated concentrations of estrogen (administration of oral (not transdermal) estrogen therapy, oral contraceptives, or pregnancy)
  • Administration of protease inhibitors (treatment for HIV infection)

Complete Diagnostic Approach

Treatment

Do's

Don'ts

References