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|Prompt=Neutrophils are critically involved in the process of inflammation. The sequence of events in the recruitment of neutrophils from the vessel lumen to the extracellular matrix, referred to as extravasation, and can be divided up into four steps. Which of the following signaling mediators is involved in the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells? | |Prompt=Neutrophils are critically involved in the process of inflammation. The sequence of events in the recruitment of neutrophils from the vessel lumen to the extracellular matrix, referred to as extravasation, and can be divided up into four steps. Which of the following signaling mediators is involved in the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells? | ||
| | |Explanation= [[PECAM-1]] is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells. | ||
The four steps of [[extravasation]] are: | |||
# Margination and rolling | |||
# Tight-binding | |||
# Diapedsis is the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells. | |||
# Migration is the movement of neutrophils through the interstitium to the location of the infection, guided by C5a, IL-8, kallikrein, and platelet-activation factors, the signalling mediators. | |||
|EducationalObjectives= [[Inflammation]] involves several steps including the rolling phase of the [[neutrophils]], their binding to the [[endothelium]], [[diapedesis]], and migration to the site of inflammation. [[PECAM 1]] is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the leukocytes across the endothelial cells. | |||
|AnswerA=E selectin and P selectin | |AnswerA=E selectin and P selectin | ||
|AnswerAExp=[[E selectin]] and P selectin are involved in the rolling phase. | |AnswerAExp=[[E selectin]] and P selectin are involved in the rolling phase. | ||
| Line 30: | Line 35: | ||
|AnswerBExp=[[ICAM-1]] is involved in the tight binding of [[neutrophils]] to the [[endothelium]]. | |AnswerBExp=[[ICAM-1]] is involved in the tight binding of [[neutrophils]] to the [[endothelium]]. | ||
|AnswerC=PECAM 1 | |AnswerC=PECAM 1 | ||
|AnswerCExp=[[PECAM-1]] is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the | |AnswerCExp=[[PECAM-1]] is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells. | ||
|AnswerD=C5a | |AnswerD=C5a | ||
|AnswerDExp=[[C5]] a is involved in the migration of leykocytes through the interstitum towards the site of inflammation. | |AnswerDExp=[[C5]] a is involved in the migration of leykocytes through the interstitum towards the site of inflammation. | ||
|AnswerE=Interleukin 8 | |AnswerE=Interleukin 8 | ||
|AnswerEExp=[[Interleukin]] 8 is involved in the migration of [[leukocytes]] through the interstitium towards the site of [[inflammation]]. | |AnswerEExp=[[Interleukin]] 8 is involved in the migration of [[leukocytes]] through the interstitium towards the site of [[inflammation]]. | ||
|References= First Aid 2014 page 224 | |References= First Aid 2014 page 224 | ||
|RightAnswer=C | |RightAnswer=C | ||
|WBRKeyword=Inflammation, Diapedesis, Leukocyte, Leukocyte adhesion, Endothelium, Endothelial cell | |WBRKeyword=Inflammation, Diapedesis, Leukocyte, Leukocyte adhesion, Endothelium, Endothelial cell | ||
|Approved= | |Approved= Yes | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 10 July 2014
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1] (Reviewed by Alison Leibowitz)]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Immunology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::General Principles |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::Neutrophils are critically involved in the process of inflammation. The sequence of events in the recruitment of neutrophils from the vessel lumen to the extracellular matrix, referred to as extravasation, and can be divided up into four steps. Which of the following signaling mediators is involved in the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::E selectin and P selectin |
| Answer A Explanation | [[AnswerAExp::E selectin and P selectin are involved in the rolling phase.]] |
| Answer B | AnswerB::ICAM 1 |
| Answer B Explanation | [[AnswerBExp::ICAM-1 is involved in the tight binding of neutrophils to the endothelium.]] |
| Answer C | AnswerC::PECAM 1 |
| Answer C Explanation | [[AnswerCExp::PECAM-1 is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells.]] |
| Answer D | AnswerD::C5a |
| Answer D Explanation | [[AnswerDExp::C5 a is involved in the migration of leykocytes through the interstitum towards the site of inflammation.]] |
| Answer E | AnswerE::Interleukin 8 |
| Answer E Explanation | [[AnswerEExp::Interleukin 8 is involved in the migration of leukocytes through the interstitium towards the site of inflammation.]] |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::C |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::PECAM-1 is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the neutrophils across the endothelial cells.
The four steps of extravasation are:
Educational Objective: Inflammation involves several steps including the rolling phase of the neutrophils, their binding to the endothelium, diapedesis, and migration to the site of inflammation. PECAM 1 is involved in diapedesis, which is the migration of the leukocytes across the endothelial cells. |
| Approved | Approved::Yes |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Inflammation, WBRKeyword::Diapedesis, WBRKeyword::Leukocyte, WBRKeyword::Leukocyte adhesion, WBRKeyword::Endothelium, WBRKeyword::Endothelial cell |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |