|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 3px;" align=center | | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 3px;" align=center |
| |+'''''Known Cases and Outbreaks of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, in Chronological Order'''''
| | | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:400px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Criteria for MERS-CoV Infection'''}} |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:100px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Year(s)'''}}
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:100px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Country'''}}
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:100px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Ebola subtype'''}}
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:100px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Reported number of human cases'''}}
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:100px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Reported number (%) of deaths among cases'''}}
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#4479BA; width:600px"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Situation'''}} | |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1976||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo - DRC)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |318||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |280 (88%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occurred in Yambuku and surrounding area. Disease was spread by close personal contact and by use of contaminated needles and syringes in hospitals/clinics. This outbreak was the first recognition of the disease. 1 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''1.''' [[ Fever]] (≥38°C, 100.4°F) and [[pneumonia]] or [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]] (based on clinical or radiological evidence) |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1976||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan (South Sudan)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |284||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |151 (53%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occurred in Nzara, Maridi and the surrounding area. Disease was spread mainly through close personal contact within hospitals. Many medical care personnel were infected. 2 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |''AND EITHER'' |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1976||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |England||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Laboratory infection by accidental stick of contaminated needle. 3 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | • History of travel from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula within 14 days before symptom onset |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1977||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Zaire||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1 (100%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Noted retrospectively in the village of Tandala. 4 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |''OR'' |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1979||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan (South Sudan)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |34||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |22 (65%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occured in Nzara, Maridi. Recurrent outbreak at the same site as the 1976 Sudan epidemic. 5 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | • Close contact with a symptomatic traveler who developed [[fever]] and acute [[respiratory illness]] (not necessarily [[pneumonia]]) within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1989||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |USA||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Virginia and Pennsylvania by monkeys imported from the Philippines. 6 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |''OR'' |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1990||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |USA||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |4 (asymptomatic)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola-Reston virus was introduced once again into quarantine facilities in Virginia, and Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines. Four humans developed antibodies but did not get sick. 7 | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | • Member of a cluster of patients with severe acute [[respiratory illness]] (e.g.[[ fever]] and [[pneumonia]] requiring hospitalization) of unknown [[etiology]] in which [[MERS-CoV]] is being evaluated, in consultation with state and local health departments |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1989-1990||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Philippines||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |3 (asymptomatic)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |High mortality among cynomolgus macaques in a primate facility responsible for exporting animals in the USA. <br> Three workers in the animal facility developed antibodies but did not get sick. | | |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''2.''' [[Fever]] AND symptoms of respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia; e.g., [[cough]], [[shortness of breath]]) AND being in a healthcare facility (as a patient, worker, or visitor) within 14 days before symptom onset in a country or territory in or near the Arabian Peninsula in which recent healthcare-associated cases of MERS have been identified5. |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1992||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Italy||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into quarantine facilities in Sienna by monkeys imported from the same export facility in the Philippines that was involved in the episodes in the United States. No humans were infected. 10
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1994||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gabon||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |52||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |31 (60%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occured in Mékouka and other gold-mining camps deep in the rain forest. Initially thought to be yellow fever; identified as Ebola hemorrhagic fever in 1995. 11
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1994||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ivory Coast||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Taï Forest virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Scientist became ill after conducting an autopsy on a wild chimpanzee in the Tai Forest. The patient was treated in Switzerland. 12
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1995||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |315||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |250 (81%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occured in Kikwit and surrounding area. Traced to index case-patient who worked in forest adjoining the city. Epidemic spread through families and hospitals. 13
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996 (January-April)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gabon||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |37||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |21 (57%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occured in Mayibout area. A chimpanzee found dead in the forest was eaten by people hunting for food. Nineteen people who were involved in the butchery of the animal became ill; other cases occured in family members. 11
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996-1997 (July-January)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gabon||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |60||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |45 (74%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occurred in Booué area with transport of patients to Libreville. Index case-patient was a hunter who lived in a forest camp. Disease was spread by close contact with infected persons. A dead chimpanzee found in the forest at the time was determined to be infected. 11
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |South Africa||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |2||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1 (50%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |A medical professional traveled from Gabon to Johannesburg, South Africa, after having treated Ebola virus-infected patients and thus having been exposed to the virus. He was hospitalized, and a nurse who took care of him became infected and died. 14
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |USA||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola-Reston virus was introduced into a quarantine facility in Texas by monkeys imported from the Philippines. No human infections were identified. 15
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Philippines||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola-Reston virus was identified in a mokey export facility in the Philippines. No human infections were identified. 16
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 1996||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Russia||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1 (100%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Laboratory contamination 17
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 2000-2001||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Uganda||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |425||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |224 (53%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Occurred in Gulu, Masindi, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. The three most important risks associated with Ebola virus infection were attending funerals of Ebola hemorrhagic fever case-patients, having contact with case-patients in one's family, and providing medical care to Ebola case-patients without using adequate personal protective measures. 18
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | October 2001-March 2002||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Gabon||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |65||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |53 (82%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occured over the border of Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. 19
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | October 2001-March 2002||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Republic of Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |57||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |43 (75%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred over the border of Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. This was the first time that Ebola hemorrhagic fever was reported in the Republic of the Congo. 19
| |
| |-
| |
| |v December 2002-April 2003||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Republic of Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |143||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |128 (89%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in the districts of Mbomo and Kéllé in Cuvette Ouest Département. 20
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | November-December 2003||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Republic of Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |35||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |29 (83%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occured in Mbomo and Mbandza villages located in Mbomo distric, Cuvette Ouest Département. 21
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 2004||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan (South Sudan)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |17||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |7 (41%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in Yambio county of southern Sudan. This outbreak was concurrent with an outbreak of measles in the same area, and several suspected EHF cases were later reclassified as measeles cases. 22
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 2004||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Russia||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1 (100%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Laboratory contamination. 23
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | 2007||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Democratic Republic of Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |264||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |187 (71%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in Kasai Occidental Province. The outbreak was declared over November 20. Last confirmed case on October 4 and last death on October 10. 24 25
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | December 2007-January 2008||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Uganda||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bundibugyo virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |149||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |37 (25%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in Bundibugyo District in western Uganda. First reported occurance of a new strain. 26
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |November 2008||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Philippines||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reston virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |6 (asymptomatic)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |0||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |First known occurrence of Ebola-Reston in pigs. Strain closely similar to earlier strains. Six workers from the pig farm and slaughterhouse developed antibodies but did not become sick. 27 28
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | December 2008-February 2009||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Democratic Republic of the Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |32||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |15 (47%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in the Mweka and luebo health zones of the Province of Kasai Occidental. 29
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | May-11||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Uganda||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |1 (100%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The Ugandan Ministry of Health informed the public that a patient with suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic fever died on May 6, 2011 in the Luwero district, Uganda. The quick diagnosis from a blood sample of Ebola virus was provided by the new CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory installed at the Uganda Viral Research Institute (UVRI). 30
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | June-October 2012||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Uganda||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |11*||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |4* (36.4%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in the Kibaale District of Uganda. Laboratory tests of blood samples were conducted by the UVRI and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 31
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | June-November 2012||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Democratic Republic of the Congo||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bundibugyo virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |36*||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |13* (36.1%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in DRC’s Province Orientale. Laboratory support was provided through CDC and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)’s field laboratory in Isiro, and through the CDC/UVRI lab in Uganda. The outbreak in DRC has no epidemiologic link to the near contemporaneous Ebola outbreak in the Kibaale district of Uganda. 31
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | November 2012-January 2013||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Uganda||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sudan virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |6*||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |3* (50%)||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Outbreak occurred in the Luwero District. CDC assisted the Ministry of Health in the epidemiologic and diagnostic aspects of the outbreak. Testing of samples by CDC's Viral Special Pathogens Branch occurred at UVRI in Entebbe. 31
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | March 2014-Present||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ebola virus||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |362*||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |?||style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ongoing outbreak across Guinea, northern Liberia, and now eastern Sierra Leone. Numbers of patients is constantly evolving due to the on-going investigation. 32
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |<small>* Numbers reflect laboratory confirmed cases only. </small>
| |
| |} | | |} |