Template:Flatulence: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:




__NOTOC__
{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 15em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; background:AliceBlue"
{{flatuelnce}}
|-
{{CMG}}
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:DarkGray" |


_NOTOC_
'''Type page name here Microchapters
Flatuelnce
'''
|- bgcolor="LightGrey"
!


{{CMG}}
|- bgcolor="LightCoral"
!
[[Type page name here|Home]]
|-
!


_NOTOC_
|- bgcolor="Pink"
[[Flatulence]]
!
[[Type page name here (patient information)|Patient Information]]
|-
!


{{CMG}}
|- bgcolor="Pink"
!
[[Type page name here overview|Overview]]
|-
!


==Overview==
|- bgcolor="Pink"
Flatulence is the presence of a mixture of gases known as flatus in the [[gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]] of [[mammals]] expelled from the [[rectum]]. It is more commonly known as '[[fart]]ing', 'passing gas', or 'passing wind' ([[UK]]).
!
[[Type page name here historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]
|-
!


=References=
|- bgcolor="Pink"
{{Reflist|2}}
!
[[Type page name here classification|Classification]]
|-
!


[[Category:primary care]]
|- bgcolor="Pink"
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
!
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Type page name here pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
|-
!


|- bgcolor="Pink"
!
[[Type page name here causes|Causes]]
|-
!


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
|- bgcolor="Pink"
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
!
[[Type page name here differential diagnosis|Differentiating Type page name here from other Diseases]]
|-
!


_NOTOC_
|- bgcolor="Pink"
[[Flatulence]]
!
[[Type page name here epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]
|-
!


{{CMG}}
|- bgcolor="Pink"
!
[[Type page name here risk factors|Risk Factors]]
|-
!


== Pathophysiology ==
|- bgcolor="Pink"
Flatus is expelled under pressure through the [[anus]], whereby, as a result of the voluntary or involuntary tensing of the [[anal sphincter]], the rapid evacuation of [[gases]] from the lower [[intestine]] occurs. Depending upon the relative state of the [[sphincter]] (relaxed/tense) and the positions of the [[buttock]]s, this often results in an audible crackling or trumpeting sound, but gas can also be passed quietly. The olfactory components of flatulence include [[skatole]], [[indole]], and [[sulfur]]ous compounds.<ref>{{cite web
!
|url=http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40000086/
[[Type page name here screening|Screening]]
|title=Flatulence, wind and bloating
|-  
|publisher=Patient UK
!
|accessdate=2006-12-11
}}</ref> The non-odorous gases are mainly [[nitrogen]] (ingested), [[carbon dioxide]] (produced by [[aerobic organism|aerobic microbes]] or ingested), and [[hydrogen]](produced by some microbes and consumed by others), as well as lesser amounts of [[oxygen]] (ingested) and [[methane]] (produced by [[anaerobic organism|anaerobic microbe]]s).<ref>{{cite journal| author=Suarez F| coauthors=Furne J, Springfield J, Levitt M| title=Insights into human colonic physiology obtained from the study of flatus composition| journal=Am J Physiol| year=1997| volume=272 (5 Pt 1)| pages=G1028–33}}</ref> Odors result from trace amounts of other components (often containing [[sulfur]]compounds, see below).


==References==
|- bgcolor="Pink"
{{Reflist|2}}
!
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Type page name here natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
|-
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
!
[[Category:Pediatrics]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
|- bgcolor="CornFlowerBlue"
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
!
Diagnosis
|-
!


==Causes==
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare and usually severe adverse reaction to certain drugs. History of medication use exists in over 95% of patients with TEN. The drugs most often implicated in TEN are antibiotics such as sulfonamides, [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[allopurinol]], [[antiretroviral drugs]], [[corticosteroids]] and[[anticonvulsant]]s such as [[phenobarbital]], [[phenytoin]], [[carbamazepine]], and [[valproic acid]].  The condition might also result from immunizations,  infection with agents such as ''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]'' or  [[herpes virus]] and [[Organ transplant|transplant]]s of [[bone marrow]] or organs.
!
[[Type page name here history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]]
|-
!


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
The [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] is between 0.4 and 1.2 cases per 100,000 each year.
!
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
[[Type page name here physical examination|Physical Examination]]
The mortality for toxic epidermal necrolysis is 30-40%.<ref name=garra>Garra, GP (2007). "[http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic599.htm Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]". Emedicine.com. Retrieved on December 13, 2007.</ref>  Loss of the skin leaves patients vulnerable to infections from fungi and bacteria, and can result in [[septicemia]], the leading cause of death in the disease.<ref name=garra/> Death is caused either by [[infection]] or by [[respiratory distress]] which is either due to [[pneumonia]] or damage to the linings of the airway. Microscopic analysis of tissue (especially the degree of dermal mononuclear inflammation and the degree of inflammation in general) can play a role in determining the prognosis of individual cases.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Quinn AM et al |title=Uncovering histological criteria with prognostic significance in toxic epidermal necrolysis |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=141 |issue=6 |pages=683-7 |year=2005 |pmid=15967913}}</ref>
|-  
!


==Diagnosis==
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
===Laboratory Findings===
!
Sometimes, however, examination of affected tissue under the microscope may be needed to distinguish it between other entities such as [[staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome]]. Typical histological criteria of TEN include mild infiltrate of lymphocytes which may obscure the dermoepidermal junction and prominent cell death with basal vacuolar change and individual cell necrosis.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pereira FA, Mudgil AV, Rosmarin DM |title=flatuelnce |journal=J Am Acad Dermatol|volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=181-200 |year=2007 |pmid=17224365}}</ref>
[[Type page name here laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]
|-  
!


==References==
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
{{reflist|2}}
!
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Type page name here electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
|-
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
!
[[Category:Disease]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
!
[[Type page name here chest x ray|Chest X Ray]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
!
[[Type page name here CT|CT]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
!
[[Type page name here MRI|MRI]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
!
[[Type page name here echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
!
[[Type page name here other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightSkyBlue"
!
[[Type page name here other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="CadetBlue"
!
Treatment
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here surgery|Surgery]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="CadetBlue"
!
Case Studies
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleTurquoise"
!
[[Type page name here case study one|Case #1]]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="PaleGoldenrod "
!
{{PAGENAME}} On the Web
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} Most recent articles]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&qt_s=Search&sa=N&tab=ps Most cited articles]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pubmed&term={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D  Review articles]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+more:health_continuing_education&cx=disease_for_health_professionals&sa=N&oi=coopctx&resnum=0&ct=col3&cd=2 CME Programs]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.google.com/search?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+ppt&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a Powerpoint slides]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://images.google.com/images?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wiImages]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of {{PAGENAME}}
:[http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} All Images]
:[http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}} X-ray}}}} X-rays]
:[http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}} Ultrasound}}}} Echo & Ultrasound]
:[http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}} CT}}}} CT Images]
:[http://goldminer.arrs.org/search.php?query={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}} MRI}}}} MRI]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} Ongoing Trials  at Clinical Trials.gov]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.guideline.gov/search/searchresults.aspx?Type=3&txtSearch={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&num=20 US National Guidelines Clearinghouse]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.nice.org.uk/search/guidancesearchresults.jsp?keywords={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&searchType=guidance NICE Guidance]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://google2.fda.gov/search?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&x=0&y=0&client=FDA&site=FDA&lr=&proxystylesheet=FDA&output=xml_no_dtd&getfields=* FDA on{{PAGENAME}}]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.cdc.gov/search.do?queryText={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&searchButton.x=33&searchButton.y=6&action=search CDC on {{PAGENAME}}]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://news.google.com/news?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wn{{PAGENAME}} in the news]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}&ie=UTF-8&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&sa=N&tab=wb Blogs on {{PAGENAME}}]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://maps.google.com/maps?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|map+top+hospital+Type page name here}}}}&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wl Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here]
|-
!
 
|- bgcolor="LightYellow"
!
[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla%3Aen-US%3Aofficial&hs=QWo&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}+AND+risk+score+OR+risk+calculator&btnG=Search Risk calculators and risk factors for {{PAGENAME}}]
|-
!
 
|}

Revision as of 02:57, 3 April 2013


Type page name here Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Type page name here from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Flatulence On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

[1]

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Flatulence

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA onFlatulence

CDC on Flatulence

in the news

Blogs on Flatulence

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Flatulence

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Template:Flatulence&oldid=866425"