Amaurosis fugax causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]

Overview

Amaurosis fugax is a symptom of carotid artery disease. It occurs when a piece of plaque in a carotid artery breaks off and travels to the retinal artery in the eye. The carotid arteries provide the main blood supply to the brain. They are located on each side of the neck under the jaw.Plaque is a hard substance that forms when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. Pieces of plaque can block blood flow. In people with amaurosis fugax, vision loss continues as long as the blood supply to the retinal artery is blocked. Atherosclerosis of the arteries in the neck is the main risk factor for this condition. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include heart disease, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acute hypovolemia

• Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

• Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

• Atherosclerosis

• Atherosclerotic occlusive disease

• Blindness

• Blood coagulability

• Blood coagulation disorders

• Blood viscosity

• Branch retinal artery occlusion

• Cardiac emboli (valve, mural thrombi, intracardiac tumor)

• Cardiac embolism

• Cardiac failure

• Carotid artery diseases

• Carotid artery occlusive disease

• carotid artery stenosis

• Carotid bifurcation thromboembolism

• carotid narrowing

• Carotid occlusive disease

• carotid stenosis

• Central retinal artery occlusion

• Central retinal vein occlusion

• Cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

• Chiasm compression

• Collagen

• Decreased blood flow (ischemia) to the retina

• Diabetes mellitus

• Disease Susceptibility

• Distal internal carotid artery atheroembolism

• Drug abuse-related (intravascular emboli)

• Dysrhythmia

• Elastin

• Excess fat

• Excessive thirst

• Extracranial arterial occlusive disease

• Extreme hunger

• Fatigue

• Focal cerebral ischemia (transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

• Frequent urination

• Giant cell arteritis

• Glaucoma

• Hollenhorst plaques

• Hyperlipidemia

• Hypertension

• Hypoperfusion (from cardiac failure)

• Hypotension

• Hypovolemia

• Idiopathic

• Inflammatory arteritis (Takayasu's disease)

• Ipsilateral carotid disease

• Irregular ulcerated lesion

• Ischemic stroke

• Local emboli (ipsilateral internal carotid artery)

• Malignant arterial hypertension

• Migraine aura

• Multiple sclerosis

• Neurologic disorders

• Nonvascular causes (hemorrhage, pressure, tumor, congenital)

• Nonvascular ophthalmic disorder

• Occlusion of a branch retinal artery

• Occlusion of the central retinal artery

• Ocular ischemic syndrome

• Oculomotor disturbances

• Optic nerve

• Optic neuritis

• Orthostatic hypotension

• Papilledema

• Preexisting asymmetric occlusive vascular disease

• Psychogenic

• Reduced cardiac output (from a dysrhythmia)

• Retinal artery occlusion (RAO)

• Retinal artery thrombosis

• Retinal emboli

• Retinal migraine

• Retinal vein occlusion

• Stroke

• Sudden vision changes

• Systemic diseases

• [[Systemic diseases disturbing blood viscosity or coagulability

• Temporal arteritis

• Thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis

• Tingling (or numbness in hands or feet)

• Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

• Unexplained weight loss

• Vasospasm

• Very dry skin