Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis}} | {{Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis}} | ||
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''Naegleria fowleri'' | ==Overview== | ||
''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'', normally found in the natural environment and well adapted to surviving in various habitats, particularly warm-water environments, is the causative agent for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. | |||
==Causes== | |||
''[[Naegleria fowleri]]'' is commonly referred to as an amoeba but is actually a unicellular parasite that is ubiquitous in soils and warm waters. [[Infection]] typically occurs during the summer months and patients typically have a history of exposure to a natural body of water. The organism specifically prefers temperatures above 32 °C, as might be found in a tropical climate{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} or in water heated by geothermal activity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.govt.nz/Environmental-information/Natural-hazards/Geothermal-activity/|title=Geothermal activity|accessdate=9 January 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The organism is extremely sensitive to chlorine (<0.5 ppm). Exposure to the organism is extremely common due to its wide distribution in nature, but thus far lacks the ability to infect the body through any method other than direct contact with the [[olfactory nerve]], which is exposed only at the extreme vertical terminus of the [[paranasal sinuses]]; the contaminated water must be deeply insufflated into the [[paranasal sinuses|sinus cavities]] for transmission to occur. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Protozoal diseases]] | [[Category:Protozoal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Encephalitis]] | [[Category:Encephalitis]] | ||
Revision as of 17:27, 26 December 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Naegleria fowleri, normally found in the natural environment and well adapted to surviving in various habitats, particularly warm-water environments, is the causative agent for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Causes
Naegleria fowleri is commonly referred to as an amoeba but is actually a unicellular parasite that is ubiquitous in soils and warm waters. Infection typically occurs during the summer months and patients typically have a history of exposure to a natural body of water. The organism specifically prefers temperatures above 32 °C, as might be found in a tropical climate[citation needed] or in water heated by geothermal activity.[1] The organism is extremely sensitive to chlorine (<0.5 ppm). Exposure to the organism is extremely common due to its wide distribution in nature, but thus far lacks the ability to infect the body through any method other than direct contact with the olfactory nerve, which is exposed only at the extreme vertical terminus of the paranasal sinuses; the contaminated water must be deeply insufflated into the sinus cavities for transmission to occur.
References
- ↑ "Geothermal activity". Retrieved 9 January 2008.[dead link]
- All articles with dead external links
- Articles with dead external links from October 2010
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- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009
- Protozoal diseases
- Encephalitis
- Inflammations
- Meningitis
- Infectious disease
- Neurological Disease
- Disease