Atrial septal defect ACC AHA guidelines for interventional and surgical therapy: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:10, 9 December 2011

Atrial Septal Defect Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Anatomy

Classification

Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
Common or Single Atrium

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History and Prognosis

Complications

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography
M-Mode
Doppler

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

Cardiac Catheterization

Exercise Testing

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Evaluation of Unoperated Patients

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Indications for Surgical Repair
Surgical Closure
Minimally Invasive Repair


Robotic ASD Repair
Percutaneous Closure
Post-Surgical Follow Up

Special Scenarios

Pregnancy
Diving and Decompression Sickness
Paradoxical Emboli
Pulmonary Hypertension
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Atmospheric Pressure

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Percutaneous closure is commonly performed for ostium secundum atrial septal defect. This procedure is still not FDA approved for the treatment of other types of atrial septal defects like sinus venosus ASD, coronary sinus ASD, or primum ASD. With appropriate patient selection, percutaneous closure has been demonstrated to be as successful, safe and effective as surgical closure. Additionally, percutaneous closure has been associated with fewer complications and a reduced average length of hospital stay compared to surgical care. Surgical closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect can be done when a concomitant tricuspid valve repair is considered or when the anatomy of the defect doesn't favor a percutaneous device. ACC/AHA recommends different interventional and surgical closure in patients with atrial septal defect depending on the associated lesions, presence and absence of atrial and ventricular hypertrophy and amount of shunting across the lesions

ACC/AHA recommendations for interventional and surgical therapy in atrial septal defect [1](DONOT EDIT)

Class I

1. Closure of an ASD either Percutaneous closure or surgically is indicated for right atrial and RV enlargement with or without symptoms. (Level of Evidence: B)

2. A sinus venosus ASD, coronary sinus ASD, or primum ASD should be repaired surgically rather than by percutaneous closure. (Level of Evidence: B)

3. Surgeons with training and expertise in CHD should perform operations for various ASD closures. (Level of Evidence: C)

Class IIa

1.Surgical closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect is reasonable when concomitant surgical repair/replacement of a tricuspid valve is considered or when the anatomy of the defect precludes the use of a percutaneous device. (Level of Evidence: C)

2. Closure of an ASD, either percutaneously or surgically, is reasonable in the presence of:

1. Paradoxical embolism. (Level of Evidence: C)
2. Documented orthodeoxia-platypnea. (Level of Evidence: B)

Class IIb

1. Closure of an ASD, either percutaneously or surgically, may be considered in the presence of net left-to-right shunting, pulmonary artery pressure less than two thirds systemic levels, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) less than two thirds systemic vascular resistance, or when responsive to either pulmonary vasodilator therapy or test occlusion of the defect (patients should be treated in conjunction with providers who have expertise in the management of pulmonary hypertensive syndromes). (Level of Evidence: C)

2. Concomitant Maze procedure may be considered for intermittent or chronic atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults with ASDs. (Level of Evidence: C)

Class III

1. Patients with severe irreversible PAH and no evidence of a left-to-right shunt should not undergo ASD closure. (Level of Evidence: B)


For ACC/AHA Level of evidence and classes click:ACC AHA Guidelines Classification Scheme

References

  1. Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, Child JS, Connolly HM, Dearani JA; et al. (2008). "ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". J Am Coll Cardiol. 52 (23): e1–121. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.10.001. PMID 19038677.

See also

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