Hemolytic anemia (patient information): Difference between revisions

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:*Hereditary ovalocytosis
:*Hereditary ovalocytosis
:*[[Hereditary spherocytosis (patient information)|Hereditary spherocytosis]]
:*[[Hereditary spherocytosis (patient information)|Hereditary spherocytosis]]
:*Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia
:*[[Immune hemolytic anemia (patient information)|Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
:*Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
:*Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
:*[[Malaria (patient information)|Malaria]]
:*[[Malaria (patient information)|Malaria]]

Revision as of 16:27, 30 July 2011

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Hemolytic anemia
ICD-10 D55-D59
ICD-9 282, 283, 773
DiseasesDB 5534
MedlinePlus 000571

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Editor-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S.,M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells in the blood, due to the premature destruction of red blood cells. There are a number of specific types of hemolytic anemia, which are described individually.

What are the symptoms of Hemolytic anemia?

What causes Hemolytic anemia?

  • Hemolytic anemia occurs when the bone marrow is unable to increase production to make up for the premature destruction of red blood cells. If the bone marrow is able to keep up with the early destruction, anemia does not occur (this is sometimes called compensated hemolysis).
  • There are many types of hemolytic anemia, which are classified by the reason for the premature destruction of red blood cells. The defect may be in the red blood cell itself (intrinsic factors), or outside the red blood cell (extrinsic factors).
  • Intrinsic factors are often present at birth (hereditary). They include:
  • Abnormalities in the proteins that build normal red blood cells
  • Differences in the protein inside a red blood cell that carries oxygen (hemoglobin)
  • Extrinsic factors include:
  • Abnormal immune system responses
  • Blood clots in small blood vessels
  • Certain infections
  • Side effects from medications
  • Types of hemolytic anemia:

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of hemolytic anemia.

Diagnosis

  • These are tests for red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). Specific tests can identify the types of hemolytic anemia. They are usually performed when hemolysis is suspected or has been determined.
  • Directly measuring the red cell life span with radioactive tagging techniques shows a shortened life span.
  • This disease may also affect the following test results, depending on the specific cause:

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the type and cause of the hemolytic anemia.

  • Folic acid, iron replacement, and corticosteroids may be used.
  • In emergencies, a blood transfusion or removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be necessary.

Where to find medical care for Hemolytic anemia?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemolytic anemia

Prevention

There is no known prevention for hemolytic anemia.

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

The outcome depends on the type and cause of hemolytic anemia.

Possible complications

The complications depend on the specific type of hemolytic anemia.

  • Severe anemia can cause cardiovascular collapse (failure of the heart and blood pressure, leading to death).
  • Severe anemias can worsen heart disease, lung disease, or cerebrovascular disease.

See also

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000571.htm

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