Sandbox:Eman

1.overvew;Syringomyelia is a generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or tubular cavity forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, can expand and elongate over time, destroying the spinal cord. Since the spinal cord connects the brain to nerves in the extremities, this damage may result in pain, weakness, and stiffness in the back, shoulders, arms, or legs. Other symptoms may include headaches and a loss of the ability to feel extremes of hot or cold, especially in the hands {wikipedia}= Syringomyelia is a spinal cord cavitation, which is a central dilation due to cystic degradation expands and destroyed the spinal cord. Caused by an injury, tumors or congenital malformation like hernia. The damage can Effect the brain and nerves, that leade to Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities. weakness, stiffness, hyperReflexives in lower extremities with hyposcoliosis.

2.Risk factors for the development of syringomyelia depend on the underlying etiology: = The main risk factors associated with the development of syringomyelia are based on the underlying causes.

3.The natural course of disease in syringomyelia is unpredictable(history)= The essential Course of disease in Syringomyelia is temperamental.

4.80% of patients respond to surgical treatment in terms of hault to progression of symptoms and mild relief.{prognosis)= The symptoms of 80% of patients usually end due to their response to surgical treatment, as well a mild cure.

5{.Physical examination} findings of syringomyelia may include the= The following includes how syringomyelia might be revealed

6.Spinal MRI may help to diagnose and follow up syringomyelia. It is characterized by the following findings{MRI}?

Syringomyelia may be diagnosed as an incidental finding on CT scan. However, delayed CT scan may have a diagnostic importance in early cases of syringomyelia without clinical manifestaions.(CT)?

7.It uses a contrast material combined with x ray or CT to image spinal cord in case of syringomyelia. However, CT metrimised myelography is more sensitive to diagnose syringomyelia as compared to conventional myelography.{mylogram}?

management??

reference:25,37,38,39,65

RED EYE RESIDENT SURVIVAL GUIDE (PDIATRICS)

TREATMENT:

1.Emergency--- urgent ophthalmic surgery.[24][25]

2.Acute ----A.Viral conjunctivitis=Good hygiene, such as meticulous hand washing ---decreasing the spread of acute viral conjunctivitis/ ----B.bacterial conjunctivitis=Any ophthalmic antibiotic

3.Mild allergic conjunctivitis=over-the-counter antihistamine/vasoconstrictor agent, or with a more effective second-generation topical histamine H1 receptor antagonist

4.moderate dry eye= Anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., topical cyclosporine [Restasis]), topical corticosteroids, and systemic omega-3 fatty acids

5.chronic blepharitis= 1-eyelid hygiene and topical antibiotics if not benefit----- oral tetracycline or doxycycline.