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| ==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases== | | ==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases== |
| [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
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| | *Palpitation in itself is not a condition but a symptom reflective of an underlying condition. |
| | *When coming up with a differential diagnoses, it would be useful to link positive history and physical examination findings to any of the following 5 categories ; |
| | *# Cardiac (Arrythmia Related) |
| | *# Cardiac (Not related to Arrythmias) |
| | *# Systemic Causes (Non Cardiac) |
| | *#Pharmacological Causes |
| | *#Psychiatric Causes <ref name="pmid28613787">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=28613787 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid15742913">{{cite journal| author=Abbott AV| title=Diagnostic approach to palpitations. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2005 | volume= 71 | issue= 4 | pages= 743-50 | pmid=15742913 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15742913 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21697315">{{cite journal| author=Raviele A, Giada F, Bergfeldt L, Blanc JJ, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mont L | display-authors=etal| title=Management of patients with palpitations: a position paper from the European Heart Rhythm Association. | journal=Europace | year= 2011 | volume= 13 | issue= 7 | pages= 920-34 | pmid=21697315 | doi=10.1093/europace/eur130 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21697315 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21766757">{{cite journal| author=Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S| title=Outpatient approach to palpitations. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 1 | pages= 63-9 | pmid=21766757 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21766757 }} </ref><ref name="pmid29431371">{{cite journal| author=Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman SV| title=Palpitations: Evaluation in the Primary Care Setting. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 12 | pages= 784-789 | pmid=29431371 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29431371 }} </ref> |
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| [Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
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| | {| class="wikitable" |
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| As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].
| | ! Cardiac (Arrhythmia related) Differentials |
| | | ! Cardiac (Not Arrhythmia related) Differentials |
| ===Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]===
| | ! Systemic Non Cardiac Differentials |
| | | ! Pharmacological Differentials |
| On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].
| | ! Psychiatric Differentials |
| {| | |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
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| ! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Diseases
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| | colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Clinical manifestations'''
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| ! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Para-clinical findings
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Gold standard'''
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| ! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Additional findings
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| | colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Symptoms'''
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| ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical examination
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| ! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab Findings
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| ! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging
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| ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Histopathology
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 1
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 2
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 3
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 1
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 2
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 3
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 1 | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 2 | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 3 | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 1 | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 2 | |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 3
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 1
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 2 | | | |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | *Premature ventricular contractions |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Premature Atrial Contractions |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Ventricular tachycardia |
| | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| | *Ventricular fibrillation |
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| | *Atrial fibrillation |
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| | *Atrial flutter |
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| | *Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome |
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| | *Brugada syndrome |
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| | *Sinus tachycardia |
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| | *Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia |
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| | *Tachycardia with variable block, |
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| | *Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome |
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| | *Long QT syndrome |
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| | *Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia |
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| | *Bradycardia caused by advanced arteriovenous block |
| | *Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome (sick sinus syndrome) |
| | *Multifocal atrial tachycardia |
| | *Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia |
| | *Catecholamine Sensitive Arrythmia |
| | *AV Re-entry tachycardia |
| | *AV Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia |
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| | *Congenital heart disease |
| | *Cardiomegaly |
| | *Aortic aneurysm |
| | *Myocardial Ischemia |
| | *Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| | *Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy |
| | *Atrial Septal Defect |
| | *Congestive Heart Failure |
| | *Stenotic/ Regurgitant Valvular Heart Diseases |
| | *Cardiomyopathy |
| | *Pericarditis |
| | *Ventricular Septal Defect |
| | *Atrial Myxoma |
| | *Anemia |
| | *AV fistula |
| | *Paget's disease |
| | *Pregnancy |
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| | *Thyrotoxicosis |
| | *Mastocytosis |
| | *Exercise |
| | *Electrolyte imbalance |
| | *Hypoglycemia |
| | *Hypovolemia |
| | *Pheochromocytoma |
| | *Pulmonary disease |
| | *Vasovagal syndrome |
| | *Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| | *Food poisoning |
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| | *Caffeine |
| | *Cocaine |
| | *Amphetamine |
| | *Digitalis, |
| | *Phenothiazine |
| | *Theophylline |
| | *Beta agonists |
| | *Alcohol |
| | *Tobacco |
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| | *Stress |
| | *Anxiety disorder |
| | *Panic disorder |
| | *Somatization Disorder |
| | *Express Hypochondria type behavior |
| | *Depression |
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 3
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| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
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| !Diseases
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| !Symptom 1
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Symptom 2
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| !Symptom 3
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| !Physical exam 1
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
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| !Physical exam 3
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| !Lab 1
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| !Lab 2
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| !Lab 3
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| !Imaging 1
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| !Imaging 2
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| !Imaging 3
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| !Histopathology
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| |'''Gold standard'''
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| !Additional findings
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 4
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 5
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 6
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| ==References== | | ==References== |