Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Difference between revisions
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgen's[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen]] (male hormones) in females.[4][14] Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle]], heavy periods[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_menstrual_bleeding]], excess body and facial hair[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism]], acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility]], and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.[3] Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer.[4] | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgen's[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen]] (male hormones) in females.[4][14] Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle]], heavy periods[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_menstrual_bleeding]], excess body and facial hair[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirsutism]], acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility]], and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.[3] Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer.[4] | ||
PCOS is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[6][7][15] Risk factors include obesity, a lack of physical exercise, and a family history of someone with the condition.[8] Diagnosis is based on two of the following three findings: no ovulation, high androgen levels, and ovarian cysts.[4] Cysts may be detectable by ultrasound[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound]].[9] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism, and high blood levels of prolactin.[9] | PCOS is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[6][7][15] Risk factors include obesity, a lack of physical exercise, and a family history of someone with the condition.[8] Diagnosis is based on two of the following three findings: no ovulation, high androgen levels, and ovarian cysts.[4] Cysts may be detectable by ultrasound[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound]].[9] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include adrenal hyperplasia[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia]], hypothyroidism, and high blood levels of prolactin.[9] | ||
PCOS has no cure as of 2020.[5] Treatment may involve lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise.[10][11] Birth control pills may help with improving the regularity of periods, excess hair growth, and acne.[12] Metformin and anti-androgen's may also help.[12] Other typical acne treatments and hair removal techniques may be used.[12] Efforts to improve fertility include weight loss, clomiphene, or metformin.[16] In vitro fertilization is used by some in whom other measures are not effective.[16] | PCOS has no cure as of 2020.[5] Treatment may involve lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise.[10][11] Birth control pills may help with improving the regularity of periods, excess hair growth, and acne.[12] Metformin and anti-androgen's may also help.[12] Other typical acne treatments and hair removal techniques may be used.[12] Efforts to improve fertility include weight loss, clomiphene, or metformin.[16] In vitro fertilization is used by some in whom other measures are not effective.[16] | ||
PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 and 44.[17] It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group depending on how it is defined.[8][13] When someone is infertile due to lack of ovulation, PCOS is the most common cause.[4] The earliest known description of what is now recognized as PCOS dates from 1721 in Italy.[18] | PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 and 44.[17] It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group depending on how it is defined.[8][13] When someone is infertile due to lack of ovulation, PCOS is the most common cause.[4] The earliest known description of what is now recognized as PCOS dates from 1721 in Italy.[18] | ||
Revision as of 22:48, 2 August 2020
OVERVIEW
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to elevated androgen's[[1]] (male hormones) in females.[4][14] Signs and symptoms of PCOS include irregular or no menstrual periods[[2]], heavy periods[[3]], excess body and facial hair[[4]], acne, pelvic pain, difficulty getting pregnant[[5]], and patches of thick, darker, velvety skin.[3] Associated conditions include type 2 diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer.[4]
PCOS is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[6][7][15] Risk factors include obesity, a lack of physical exercise, and a family history of someone with the condition.[8] Diagnosis is based on two of the following three findings: no ovulation, high androgen levels, and ovarian cysts.[4] Cysts may be detectable by ultrasound[[6]].[9] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include adrenal hyperplasia[[7]], hypothyroidism, and high blood levels of prolactin.[9]
PCOS has no cure as of 2020.[5] Treatment may involve lifestyle changes such as weight loss and exercise.[10][11] Birth control pills may help with improving the regularity of periods, excess hair growth, and acne.[12] Metformin and anti-androgen's may also help.[12] Other typical acne treatments and hair removal techniques may be used.[12] Efforts to improve fertility include weight loss, clomiphene, or metformin.[16] In vitro fertilization is used by some in whom other measures are not effective.[16]
PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the ages of 18 and 44.[17] It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group depending on how it is defined.[8][13] When someone is infertile due to lack of ovulation, PCOS is the most common cause.[4] The earliest known description of what is now recognized as PCOS dates from 1721 in Italy.[18]