Sandbox:Eman

1.overvew;Syringomyelia is a generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or tubular cavity forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, can expand and elongate over time, destroying the spinal cord. Since the spinal cord connects the brain to nerves in the extremities, this damage may result in pain, weakness, and stiffness in the back, shoulders, arms, or legs. Other symptoms may include headaches and a loss of the ability to feel extremes of hot or cold, especially in the hands {wikipedia}= Syringomyelia is a spinal cord cavitation, which is a central dilation due to cystic degradation expands and destroyed the spinal cord. Caused by an injury, tumors or congenital malformation like hernia. The damage can Effect the brain and nerves, that leade to Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in upper extremities. weakness, stiffness, hyperReflexives in lower extremities with hyposcoliosis.

2.Risk factors for the development of syringomyelia depend on the underlying etiology: = The main risk factors associated with the development of syringomyelia are based on the underlying causes.

3.The natural course of disease in syringomyelia is unpredictable(history)= The essential Course of disease in Syringomyelia is temperamental.

4.80% of patients respond to surgical treatment in terms of hault to progression of symptoms and mild relief.{prognosis)= The symptoms of 80% of patients usually end due to their response to surgical treatment, as well a mild cure.

5{.Physical examination} findings of syringomyelia may include the= The following includes how syringomyelia might be revealed

6.Spinal MRI may help to diagnose and follow up syringomyelia. It is characterized by the following findings{MRI}?

Syringomyelia may be diagnosed as an incidental finding on CT scan. However, delayed CT scan may have a diagnostic importance in early cases of syringomyelia without clinical manifestaions.(CT)?

7.It uses a contrast material combined with x ray or CT to image spinal cord in case of syringomyelia. However, CT metrimised myelography is more sensitive to diagnose syringomyelia as compared to conventional myelography.{mylogram}?

management??

reference:25,37,38,39,65

vaginal prolapse:

Historical Perspective: vaginal prolapse was first discovered in era of the pharaohs, about 1500 years before Christ. then [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by Hippocrates to treat/diagnose vaginal prolapse over the centuries, different treatment modalities, some of which we can currently seem strange

history of pelvic prolapse back to the era of the pharaohs, about 1500 years before Christ. Hippocrates practiced succussion. Grenades, pieces of soaked linen were used as pessaries.Over the centuries, the eolution in understanding of this female pathology led to different treatment modalities, some of which we can currently seem strange. PMID: 23673698

Classification : vaginal prolapse may be classified according to Uterine cervical elongation that found in patients undergoing hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse into Cervical elongation grades and prolapse stages are correlated. calssified as physiological uterine cervical elongation based on corpus/cervix ratio to (grade 0, CCR>1.5) grade I (CCR>1 and ≤1.5) grade II (CCR>0.5 and ≤1), and grade III (CCR≤0.5).PMID: 26967345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.029

Uterine cervical elongation is found in patients undergoing hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. Cervical elongation grades and prolapse stages are correlated. Defining uterine cervical elongation based on corpus/cervix ratio with grades I-III could be a valuable basic tool for further research. Cervical elongation was classified as physiological (grade 0, CCR>1.5) grade I (CCR>1 and ≤1.5) grade II (CCR>0.5 and ≤1), and grade III (CCR≤0.5).PMID: 26967345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.029