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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| There are both genetic and environmental causes of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Some of the genetic causes are [[familial adenomatous polyposis]] and [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer]]. The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
| | The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, [[Colorectal cancer risk factors|click here]]. |
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| ==Colorectal Cancer Causes== | | ==Colorectal Cancer Causes== |
| There are both genetic and environmental factors that lead to colorectal carcinoma.<ref name="pmid20420944">{{cite journal| author=Chan AT, Giovannucci EL| title=Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2010 | volume= 138 | issue= 6 | pages= 2029-2043.e10 |pmid=20420944 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.057 | pmc=PMC2947820 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20420944 }}</ref> [[FAP (gene)|FAP]] and [[HNPCC]] are the most common causes of CRC, but together these two conditions account for only about 5 percent of CRC.<ref name="pmid7598472">{{cite journal| author=Burt RW, DiSario JA, Cannon-Albright L| title=Genetics of colon cancer: impact of inheritance on colon cancer risk. | journal=Annu Rev Med | year= 1995 | volume= 46 |issue= | pages= 371-9 | pmid=7598472 | doi=10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.371 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7598472 }} </ref>
| | The cause of colorectal cancer has not been identified. However, there are certain risk factors that predisposes to risk of CRC. |
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| *'''The table below lists the genetic causes for colorectal carcinoma:'''
| | To review risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer, [[Colorectal cancer risk factors|click here]]. |
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| {| style="border:#c9c9c9 1px solid; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border-collapse: collapse;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" {{table}}
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| | style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center" |'''Genetic Cause'''
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| | style="background:#f0f0f0;" align="center" |'''Description'''
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| | '''Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)'''||
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| * AD inheritance
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| * Other variants include [[Gardner's syndrome]], [[Turcot syndrome|Turcot's syndrome]], and attenuated [[Adenomatous polyposis coli|adenomatous polyposis]] coli; caused by germlines mutations in the [[APC gene]]<ref name="pmid598472">{{cite journal| author=Mazur IA| title=[Synthesis of imidazopyrimidines and imidazoquinazolines with a common nitrogen atom]. | journal=Farm Zh | year= 1977 | volume= | issue= 6 |pages= 37-41 | pmid=598472 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=598472}}</ref>
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| * Colonic cancer occurs in 90% of untreated individuals around 45 years
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| * To view Gardner's syndrome, Turcot's syndrome, and attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli , click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer classification|'''here''']]<br>
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| | '''MUTYH-associated Polyposis (MAP)'''||
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| * AR inheritance
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| * Caused by bi-allelic germline [[mutations]] in the base excision repair gene mutY homolog (MYH or MUTYH)
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| | '''Lynch Syndrome AKA Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)'''||
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| * AD inheritance
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| * Caused by a defect in one of the mismatch repair genes, most commonly hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, or PMS2
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| * Mean age at initial cancer diagnosis is around 48 years<ref name="pmid21193451">{{cite journal| author=Parry S, Win AK, Parry B, Macrae FA, Gurrin LC, Church JM et al.| title=Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. | journal=Gut | year= 2011 | volume= 60 | issue= 7 | pages= 950-7 | pmid=21193451 | doi=10.1136/gut.2010.228056 | pmc=PMC3848416 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21193451 }}</ref>
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| |}
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| *'''To view the environmental factors that may contribute to the development of colorectal carcinoma, please review its [[Colorectal cancer risk factors#Environmental Risk Factors|environmental risk factors]].'''
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| **The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |