Melanoma causes: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{SSK}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Malignant melanoma arises from the epidermal melanocytes, which are neural crest cells involved in the synthesis of melanin (a brown pigment with | [[Malignant]] [[melanoma]] arises from the [[Epidermis (skin)|epidermal]] [[Melanocyte|melanocytes]], which are [[neural crest]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] involved in the [[Chemical synthesis|synthesis]] of [[melanin]] (a brown [[pigment]] with photo-protective properties). [[Melanoma]] may be caused by sporadic [[Genetics|genetic]] (e.g. ''[[BRAF]]'' and/or ''[[Ras|N-RAS]]'') or may be part of [[Family|familial]] syndromes (e.g. familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome). | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Malignant melanoma arises from the epidermal melanocytes, which are neural crest cells involved in the synthesis of melanin (a brown pigment with photoprotective properties). Melanoma may be caused by sporadic genetic mutations (e.g. ''[[BRAF]]'' and/or ''[[Ras|N-RAS]]'') or may be part of familial syndromes. | Malignant melanoma arises from the epidermal melanocytes, which are neural crest cells involved in the synthesis of melanin (a brown pigment with photoprotective properties). Melanoma may be caused by sporadic genetic mutations (e.g. ''[[BRAF]]'' and/or ''[[Ras|N-RAS]]'') or may be part of [[Family|familial]] [[Syndrome|syndromes]]. | ||
===Sporadic Melanoma=== | ===Sporadic Melanoma=== | ||
*The majority of cases of melanoma are due to sporadic genetic mutations | *The majority (90%) of the cases of [[melanoma]] are due to sporadic [[Genetics|genetic]] [[Mutation|mutations]]. | ||
*More than one genetic mutation is usually | *More than one [[Genetics|genetic]] [[mutation]] (multiple hits) is usually the requirement for the development of [[melanoma]]. | ||
*The most common mutations that result in the development of melanoma are ''[[BRAF]]'' (approximately 50% of melanomas) and ''[[Ras|N-RAS]]'' (approximately 15% of melanomas). | *The most common [[Mutation|mutations]] that result in the development of [[melanoma]] are ''[[BRAF]]'' (approximately 50% of [[Melanoma|melanomas]]) and ''[[Ras|N-RAS]]'' (approximately 15% of [[Melanoma|melanomas]]). | ||
===Familial Melanoma=== | ===Familial Melanoma=== | ||
Melanoma may be caused by hereditary diseases (10%) and is associated with mutations of the ''[[P16 (gene)|P16/CDKN2A]]'' gene: | [[Melanoma]] may be caused by [[Heredity|hereditary]] [[Disease|diseases]] (10%) and is associated with [[Mutation|mutations]] of the ''[[P16 (gene)|P16/CDKN2A]]'' [[gene]]: | ||
*Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM syndrome) | *[[Family|Familial]] atypical multiple [[Melanocytic nevus|mole]] [[melanoma]] [[syndrome]] (FAMMM syndrome) | ||
*Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome | *[[Melanoma]]-[[astrocytoma]] [[syndrome]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 23:06, 2 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Malignant melanoma arises from the epidermal melanocytes, which are neural crest cells involved in the synthesis of melanin (a brown pigment with photo-protective properties). Melanoma may be caused by sporadic genetic (e.g. BRAF and/or N-RAS) or may be part of familial syndromes (e.g. familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome).
Causes
Malignant melanoma arises from the epidermal melanocytes, which are neural crest cells involved in the synthesis of melanin (a brown pigment with photoprotective properties). Melanoma may be caused by sporadic genetic mutations (e.g. BRAF and/or N-RAS) or may be part of familial syndromes.
Sporadic Melanoma
- The majority (90%) of the cases of melanoma are due to sporadic genetic mutations.
- More than one genetic mutation (multiple hits) is usually the requirement for the development of melanoma.
- The most common mutations that result in the development of melanoma are BRAF (approximately 50% of melanomas) and N-RAS (approximately 15% of melanomas).
Familial Melanoma
Melanoma may be caused by hereditary diseases (10%) and is associated with mutations of the P16/CDKN2A gene: