Pneumomediastinum pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:05, 10 December 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Pneumomediastinum can happen when pressure rises in the lungs and causes the air sacs (alveoli) to rupture. Another possible cause is damage to the lungs or other nearby structures that allow air to leak into the center of the chest.

The normal physiology of [name of process] can be understood as follows:

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign process commonly resulting from a sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure due to a specific triggering event such as Valsalva maneuver, vomiting, asthma exacerbation, physical activity, or occasionally without any specific preceding event^[1].
The pressure differential created within the pulmonary parenchyma leads to alveolar rupture with further leakage of air throughout the interstitium and bronchovascular tissue sheath following a centripetal pattern

toward the mediastinum^[2].

Secondary PM: Disruption of aerodigestive tract (trauma, foreign body, Boerhaave syndrome), surgery, mediastinitis

OR

It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.

OR

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:

OR

The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

↑ European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 31, Issue 6, 1 June 2007, Pages 1110–1114
↑ "www.remedypublications.com" (PDF).

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ===Pathogenesis===
 *Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign process commonly resulting from a sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure due to a specific triggering event such as Valsalva maneuver, vomiting, asthma exacerbation, physical activity, or occasionally without any specific preceding event<ref>European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 31, Issue 6, 1 June 2007, Pages 1110–1114</ref>.
-*The pressure differential created within the pulmonary parenchyma leads to alveolar rupture with further leakage
+*The pressure differential created within the pulmonary parenchyma leads to alveolar rupture with further leakage of air throughout the interstitium and bronchovascular tissue sheath following a centripetal pattern
-of air throughout the interstitium and bronchovascular tissue sheath following a centripetal pattern
 toward the mediastinum<ref name="urlwww.remedypublications.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.remedypublications.com/respiratory-medicine/articles/pdfs_folder/jrmld-v2-id1022.pdf |title=www.remedypublications.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>.